Fmcg Phd Thesis

PAPER – II MANAGEMENT Note : This paper contains fifty (50) multiple-choice questions, each question carrying two (2) marks. Attempt all the questions. 1. In which competitive structure, under industry equilibrium, Price = LMC = LMR = LAC = LAR condition prevails? (A) perfect competition (B) monopoly (C) monopolistic competition (D) duopoly 2. In the Cobb – Douglas production function, given as, A K a Lb , the sum of a b is equal to : (A) 10 (B) 100 (C) 1 1 (D) 3.In the equation pertaining to National Income, Y C S , the excess of income over consumption is depicted by : (A) Y (B) C (C) Y S (D) Y C 4. The long-run average cost curve takes the shape of : (A) Saucer (B) Inverted Saucer (C) Cone (D) Inverted cone 5. The four functions of infrastructure development under the PPP mode, namely, â€Å"Construct, Run, Possess and Sell-off† are popularly depicted by the acronym : (A) CRPS (B) (C) (D) 6. BOOT BOOM 7. 8.TEAM Organization synergy implies (A) More than propor tionate growth (B) Less than proportionate growth (C) Constant growth (D) Constant fall The two-factor model of motivation theory was propounded by : (A) Herzberg (B) Victor Vroom (C) Porter – Lawler (D) Maslow An approach to study of organizations that looks at an organization as composed of many inter – related parts making up an integrated work is : (A) Functional approach (B) Group approach (C) Systems approach 3 F1602 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. D) Oligopolist approach An organization design that treats the human resources as limited in capability and expects them to just confine to given roles, may be called as : (A) Organic design (B) Proactive design (C) Functional design (D) Mechanistic design The laissez – faire leader is also known as : (A) Democratic (B) Autocratic (C) Free – reign (D) Tree – trunk Under the present conditions and trends, which of the following statements is perhaps the most appropriate : (A) Human resources are expe nsive, while technology is cheap (B) Human Resources are expensive as Technology is (C) Human Resources are cheap as technology is (D) Human Resources are cheap, while technology is expensive BARS, Intra – mural activities, Bedeaux plan and golden handshakes, respectively, refer to certain aspects or components of : Retirement (P), Performance Appraisal (Q), Wage determination (R) and Welfare measures (S) as grouped in : (A) PQSR (B) QSRP (C) QRPS (D) PQRS High potential, but low performance employees may be branded as : (A) Stars (B) Question marks (C) Dogs (D) Answer sheets The ultimate remedy for disposal of an industrial dispute is : (A) Joint management council (B) Conciliation (C) Voluntary Arbitration (D) Adjudication The opportunity to be heard given to every parts to a dispute is necessary as per the principle of : (A) Mutual justice (B) Mutual benefit (C) Natural benefit (D) Natural justice In the valuation model, V C1 / ke g , the growth factor, â€Å"g† is assumed to be : (A) (B) (C) (D) Rising Constant Falling 17.Zero When discounted cash flows, instead of undiscounted cash flows, are used in payback period computation for a project, the resulting pay-back period is : (A) Longer 4 F1602 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. (B) Shorter (C) Unaffected (D) Varying The market beta is always : (A) 1 (B) 1 (C) 1 (D) zero Of the two similar firms of the same risk-class and with same operating income, one employs debt capital of Rs. 50 mn. Given the tax rate of 30%, the value of the all-equity firm shall be poorer, compared to that of the levered firm by : (A) Rs. 15 mn (B) Rs. 150 mn (C) Rs. 1500 mn (D) cannot be said A credit policy of 3 30 , net 60 days, implies an annual interest rate of, taking 360 days? ear : (A) 90 % (B) 180 % (C) 18 % (D) 36 % Multilevel marketing links (A) Producers, intermediaries, wholesalers and retailers (B) Producers, wholesalers, retailers and consumers (C) Producers, retailers and consumers (D) Producers and c onsumers A personal communication method of product promotion is : (A) salesmanship (B) print media (C) television (D) advertisement Virtual marketing is the â€Å"future† which is facilitated by : (A) Customer relationship management (B) Channel management (C) Digital management (D) Internet and Information Technology A pricing strategy which is used to price a product high at the time of launching (A) Dual pricing (B) Penetrating pricing (C) Cost plus pricing (D) Skimming pricing Saturation, a stage to be managed effectively for continuing in the market, relates to : (A) Environment management (B) Product life cycle management (C) Logistic management (D) Channel management The prime concern of production layout is : (A) Process quality (B) Utility maximization 5 F1602 27. 28. 29. C) Smooth workflow (D) Line balancing Production management in respect of complex products involving many outsourced components, has to be fashioned like : (A) An integrated supply chain management (B) An independent production function (C) A mix of fragmented production lines (D) A mix of outsourced activities In assembly – line balancing, reducing the number of work stations is not preferred if it : (A) Reduces Idle time (B) Reduces work time (C) Increases work time (D) Has no impact on idle time The residual component in a time series under the multiplicative model is separated in : (A) Y T S C (B) (C) (D) Y TSC TSCR TSC T S C Y 30. 31. In a queuing system, the queue shall continue to grow when : (A) Arrival rate exceeds service rate (B) Service rate exceeds arrival rate (C) Poisson arrival pattern prevails (D) Idle probability approaches one The distribution in which the tails meet the horizontal axis only at infinity is : (A) Normal (B) Poisson (C) Binomial (D) Exponential The value of , bxy byx , is equal to : 32. 33. A) coefficient of determination (B) coefficient of correlation (C) coefficient of regression (D) coefficient of deviation Among these tests, the te st that tests the equality of means when three or more populations are involved is : (A) â€Å"t† test (B) â€Å"Z† test (C) â€Å"F† test 2 (D) test Even the best of MIS cannot be (A) Substitute for decision making (B) Supportive of decision making (C) Data mining and data processing (D) Data recording and retrieving World Wide Web (WWW) is not written as : (A) WWW 6 34. 35. F1602 36. 37. 38. (B) Web (C) W3 (D) 3W „Spy wars? is a term used in : (A) customer analysis (B) competitor analysis (C) attractiveness analysis (D) new product analysis Appealing to a broad spectrum of customers with a kind of product uniqueness is called : (A) Market niche strategy (B) Best cost strategy (C) Differentiation strategy (D) Cost leadership strategy Establishment of fully- owned new facilities and new operation undertaken by a company from scratch is : (A) Greenfield investment (B) International merger (C) International acquisition (D) Cross-border acquisition Which of t hese is not an obscene gesture? A) The okay sign in Brazil (B) A hearty slap on the back in Switzerland (C) Doing anything with the left hand in Saudi Arabia (D) Thumb between second and third finger in Japan GATT has been replaced by : (A) OPEC (B) WTO (C) NAFTA (D) ASEAN Making people stimulated to greater creativity through a group process is : (A) Brain storming (B) Checklist method (C) Brain writing (D) Big – dream method Find the odd one out from the view point of schumpterian creativity is regard to entrepreneurship : (A) intuitiveness (B) inventiveness (C) innovativeness (D) imitativeness Of these, the one that deals with exploring new business opportunities is : (A) Business venturing (B) Business scouting (C) Business resilience (D) Business tycoons A practice by which organisations spot, motivate and groom entrepreneurs either competitive or collaborative, from among employees, is known as : (A) intrapreneurship 7 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. F1602 45. B) entrapreneursh ip (C) extrapreneurship (D) contrapreneurship One of the external causes for sickness in small enterprises is : (A) Entrepreneurial misconduct (B) Deficient employee skills (C) Lapses and leakages in finance (D) Competition and globalisation Find out from the following, one term very closely associated with personal ethics : (A) accountability and responsibility (B) thoughtfulness (C) integrity and honesty (D) belief systems Find out the major reason for companies building strong ethics (A) Earning more profit (B) Building strong asset fortfolio (C) Avoid negative publicity (D) Muster shareholders support Financial dishonesty could be curbed and booked through promotion of : (A) Adherance to documented cash transfers (B) Enactment of more laws (C) Enhancing the severity of punishments (D) Code of conduct for Corporate Executives From the standpoint of personal choice, the least per capita carbon foot print effecting personal transportation alternative is : (A) Public transport (B) O wn car (C) Hired car (D) Auto rickshaw The scheme that strives to achieve women empowerment through gainful employment persuits is (A) Self Help Group Scheme (B) Home Guard Scheme (C) Single Girl Child Scheme (D) Marriage Gift Scheme 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. ——————— F1602 8 MANAGEMENT Paper – II Answer 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 A C D A B A A C D C A B B D D 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 B A C A D D A D D B C A C B A 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 A B C A D B C A B B A A B A D 46 47 48 49 50 C C A A A 9 F1602

Home School vs Public School Essay

Have you ever wondered what the difference is between home schooling your children and sending them to a public school? How are there learning environments different and similar? How do they teach the state standards compared to teaching them yourself? What are the disadvantages and advantages of home schooling and public school? Doing the research yourself can be a waste of time sometimes or if you don’t have the time. The learning environment of public school is kind of a hassle. They teach the students as a whole, the students can ask for help if they are having trouble with what they are learning. Also public school pushes the students to do their best in class to make sure that they understand what they are working on. The teachers also allow the student to go to the library to learn more helpful things in life. If they can read on their own why not give them the chance to read as many books as they want and not limit them. Some teachers want to challenge the children in their reading and it also improves your children’s reading score and lets them understand and comprehend more words. Also public school is very good at socializing your children with other children there age and they make friends to play with each other. Home schooling environment is more on the pace of the adult that is teaching the children. The adult also chooses the setting to have the children in, as well as the environment could be in a loud place or a calm relaxing environment. Messing with the environment of the children can make it so that they end up misbehaving and not listening due to them being stressed. Home schooling background also makes it harder to socialize your children to other children there age and you could also cause issues with other children and your children. All schools follow a state standard that all students are supposed to pass without ease. Public schools follow a chart that states what the students need to learn that week, and that is what they should be learning and have it learned by the end of the that lesson week. If any student doesn’t completely understand the lessons that are told to leave the room and to go see a different teacher to have them explain it to them. As well if you were to fall behind in your school work, they normally don’t help you make it up, they will give you at least two days to get the work turned in or it would be counted as incomplete and that would lower your grade. You would have to get the notes from a friend to understand how to do the assignment, also you get a tutor that is easier to come to your home then to school for one on one learning. When you are the one that is teaching and you can teach at your own pace or the pace that your children want to learn the material. If they are grasping the concept very well without any issues then they could move onto a different lesson. As though there are some students that need the special help and you could be on that lesson or that material for a month. As long as you get the lessons for that whole year done then you would be on tract with the lessons. The advantages of a public school is to have some alone time with yourself and to have time away from the children and be able to run errands and go to doctor appointments without the kids. Being able to be alone in the house without children is the best time to clean and complete your grocery shopping. The disadvantages of public school are all the drama that occurs within the walls of the school. The administrators are also sometimes not the best people to have around your children. Sometimes how they treat their students due to them being out of school very often or if they are having a hard time in school and the teacher doesn’t not want to help. The advantages of home schooling would be having more family time and being able to monitor the progress of the children’s learning ability to read and to understand how to comprehend how they solve the work. Also if the child is sick you wouldn’t have to go pick them up from school, they would already be home. You wouldn’t also have to deal with the drama between your children and other children and the teachers. The disadvantages of home schooling is that you would very rarely get time alone without the children and it could stress you out and make you feel like you have been enclosed in a cocoon. Having the ability to send the children off to school and be able to be your own person and not have to listen to the children whine about something and to get them to understand what it is like to be socialized is all beneficial in the end. Having the ability to completely understand the difference between the two different types of schools that are out there to allow your children to go to and them enjoy either choice that you choose. With people having their own opinions about certain schools why not get the information straight from the information and based on what the opinions say. Having the feeling that you did your research and your children are getting the education that you would like them to have it a good feeling. Finding the right reasons and the wrong reasons for sending your children to a school that you have looked at is better than not knowing about it at all.

Ansoff Matrix Essay

Ansoff Matrix 3 BY arnab007 The Ansoff Matrix Providing strategic options is a role of the marketing plan, but how does the marketing team come up with bright ideas? Fortunately there is a simple tool that can help – the Ansoff Matrix. Developed in 1957 it still holds true today – a 2 x 2 matrix that guides planners in coming up with options. Basically, it gives you four options dependent on two variables – developing new products or entering new markets. New product development and entering new markets involve expense and therefore risk. They also produce risk to your brand – if an undertakers’ firm were to branch out into whoopee cushions their credibility as an undertaker would be scarred! Therefore, the further down or right on the grid you go, the higher the risk. When is a product entirely new or when is it Just an amendment? That is subjective, so Judgement must be used – a car manufacturer producing a new model probably doesn’t count as â€Å"new’ but if that same company were to launch a mission to Mars it may well do†¦ There is no guarantee of success for any plan, as highlighted below: Market Penetration You stay with the same product and keep selling it to the same people. So how do you grow? The answer comes from adjusting the marketing mix – maybe promoting yourself better, making the product better or lowering the price. It is the least risky option, but consequently is likely to reap the least reward. A good example of market penetration is Fuller’s London Pride – once a regional ale in the South East but now the best selling cask ale in the I-JK (CAMRA). They have done this by relying on a high quality product but increasing promotional activity – articularly advertising connected with sports events. On the other side is Rover – they kept selling similar cars to the same market but Just lost touch. The product was well-overtaken and badly promoted, and the results are there for all to see. The moral of the story? Even if you do nothing, make sure you do something! Product Development If you have a well-respected brand with your customers, it may be possible to sell them other things. This is probably the most common option to head in as companies can use the good will they have in the market to generate credibility. As long as the ew product in question isn’t too left-field, customers will like it. uality pens. For many people a Mont Blanc is the pen to have. The trouble is, once you have a fountain pen, ballpoint and a pencil, that is it. Mont Blanc’s quality means you may have the same pen for life, so you will never buy anything from them again. As a result, Mont Blanc decided to start selling you other things: cuff links, wallets, notebooks and so on. The same high quality prestige brand transferred to other products with great success. Possibly the world’s best-known brand got it seriously wrong when they launched a ew product . Coca Cola’s premium bottled water, Dasani, was launched their existing I-JK consumer market, but unfortunately they got it very wrong. Dasani was little more than bottled tap water and the fall-out hit Coca Cola hard. It wasn’t Coke’s first time though after the New Coca Cola debacle nearly ruined them. If you are going to launch a new product, make sure that it reflects your brand and won’t damage what you already have. Market Development Selling the same product to a new market is a tricky proposition, but a number of companies have done it very well. Guinness, Lucozade and Skoda have all managed to salvage weak brands by launching them into a new market. However the most successful repositioning was Sony PlayStation – a repositioning that was pre-planned, not firefighting. Sony had planned to sell PlayStations to children then, once the product life cycle had reached maturity, relaunch in the adult market – enter Lara Croft. Failed repositionings litter the history of marketing but, for me, the most interesting is that of cricket. Some marketing chaps went to America, saw baseball and thought Wow! That will make cricket trendy! Cricket clubs suddenly had silly names like Scorpions (what on Earth have scorpions got to do with Derbyshire anyway) and music was blasted out every time a run was scored. The youth market was not impressed. It was only when the core product was improved that cricket’s popularity returned – thanks be to Freddy Flintoff and co. Diversification So, you know nothing about the mark et you are selling to or about the product you are launching. Sounds like a recipe for disaster†¦ The risks of diversification are otentially grave, but the rewards can be enormous. Caterpillar used to make yellow diggers and bulldozers and sold them to construction companies. Now they sell boots to young adult consumers. Apple used to sell computers to graphic designers. Now they adorn the belt of Just about every 16-24 year old in the country with the iPod. The reward has been easy to see. When diversification goes wrong, you can be left with a feeling of: â€Å"What were they thinking? † Sir Clive Sinclair produced and sold one of the first home entertainment transport. Still, a C5 can be worth a fortune on EBay.

Criminal law Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Criminal law - Coursework Example She also suffers from post-natal depression, as a result of which she has no interest in looking after herself or the baby. Paul does his best to look after both of them, feeding the baby milk formula and warming up soup for Marlene. But she becomes too depressed to eat sufficiently, and after two months she becomes very ill and catches pneumonia in the damp and cold conditions in the house. She begs Paul not to call a doctor. The baby is well since Paul has looked after him to the best of his ability.   Marlene dies of the pneumonia one night, and when Paul reports her death, the police doctor says that Marlene could have been saved if medical help had been called in time.   DISCUSS THE CRIMINAL LIABILITY, IF ANY, OF PAUL FOR THE DEATH OF MARLENE. CITE APPROPRIATE CASES, AUTHORITIES OR EXAMPLES AS NECESSARY.   Marlene and Paul In accordance with English law, murder is an offence. This act of human being always considered a heinous and serious offence to take life of another hu man being. The murder may be intentionally or unintentionally. It may have lawful cause or unlawful cause of action. The murder can be in self-defence wherein no motive of murder or intention of murder can be seen. There are instances where harm was intended to a targeted person but erroneously the weapon killed another person1. Under the mentioned scenario, it is the duty of law enforcing agencies to investigate and determine the motives behind the murder and to submit investigative report along with the statements of independent eye witnesses in the competent court of law to proceed further against the culprit and to seek a fair and transparent judgment to satisfy the heirs of the victim2. Contrary to the above, in England and Wales, the law of homicide or manslaughter is treated a less serious crime or offense than that of intentional murder. The difference between the murder and the homicide is that the murder is done with guilt of mind whereas in the homicide. On proving guilty of manslaughter, the jury has the discretion to award life sentence to the murderer. However, before passing on the punishment of life imprisonment, the court shall examine the circumstances which compelled the murder for homicide3. According to English law, carelessness or failure of a person to protect another person from any harm that claims life may be liable for criminal prosecution. It may invoke civil or criminal jurisdiction against a person who miserably failed to protect precious life of another person due to carelessness. The law of the land applies in terms of harm may differ from manufacturer of kitchen items and the manufacturer of highly explosive items. In both the cases the burden of proof of innocence lies on the shoulders of defendants4. As per English law, wrong death of a person due to negligence of another person, manufacturing unit, business entity and the firm are liable for criminal prosecution. That sort of death can be challenged in a competent court of l aw by heir or heirs of the deceased aims at to book responsible negligent party who is or are responsible for the alleged death. What we have witnessed in such cases is that the suit filed against the defendants by the petitioners are the nearest and close family members comprised of parents, life partner, kids or in few cases another family directly hit with the murder of the

Trust-Mart expansion on to UKs supermarket retail market Assignment

Trust-Mart expansion on to UKs supermarket retail market - Assignment Example Competitive Strategy of Trust-Mart Since inception, Trust-Mart had showed immense growth in the retail supermarket industry. Trust-Mart operates in almost 20 areas of China. It has rapidly enhanced the number of outlets throughout China. Trust-Mart focuses on three strategies to compete in the supermarket retail environment [1] (Trust-Mart, 2011). Freshness: Trust-Mart aims to provide fresh products compared to other supermarkets in China. For maintaining freshness in its products Trust-Mart has enough employees in every department (production, marketing and distribution). By proper management, Trust-Mart is able to obtain food products quicker and much fresher. Cost: Trust-Mart strives to provide low cost for any products which makes the company a strong competitor in retail market environment of China. Trust-Mart provides impressive rate across various products. The rate of product does not affect the freshness of the products (Canton365, n.d.). Service: Trust-Mart has improved distribution network which initiates the company to provide right product to the people. Trust-Mart has experienced employees who know the needs and preferences of customers and thus provide products according to their choice. Providing better service is a competitive strategy for Trust-Mart which helps the company to make available the desired products to the customers. Michael Porter’s Generic Strategy Michael Porter had established generic strategy to identify a company’s competitive advantage. According to him a company can take three types of competitive strategies which are cost leadership, differentiation and focus. Fig 1: Porter’s Generic Strategy Diagram Source: (Provenmodels, 2011). Trust-Mart does not follow the focus strategy because the resources and assets of Trust-Mart allow it to compete on broader factors. Trust-Mart follows the differentiation strategy by making their products under their own brand name. Trust-Ma rt also follows the cost leadership strategy by providing inexpensive products to customers. Trust-Mart’s strong sales distribution makes it possible to gain cost advantage over other competitors. Critical Success Factors Core Competences For any company, the

Choosing an Office Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Choosing an Office - Essay Example ns to find one that reflects the true preference, for example, the cost of the office might be very conducive, but the accompanying distance is very high. The two scoring options that were dominated became better in the swing preference table because of the weights assigned to each alternative. The outcomes of the different alternatives change according to the relative position of the alternative on the preference table. For example, the weight for size is 3, therefore, a preference with a high figure for size would benefit more. In this case, Baranov has a preference score of 0 for size while Parkway has a preference score of 90. Therefore, this implies that a preference score in one factor severely affects the preference score in another factor. The swing weights method is easier to explain to a client because the client will be able to see the differences in weights and their assignment. This means that a client will understand why each alternative is being assigned the weight it is assigned, and why the outcomes come out in a specific manner. This choice is also effective if the choices are way more than the ones in this case. For example, if Alan had 40 sites to evaluate, using the even swaps method would take a lot of time and confuse the client. Therefore, it is advisable to use the swing weights

Outline Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Outline - Essay Example In other words, I need to address a lifestyle change that is responsive to my desire to curtail irresponsible spending. This question is very important to me because I realize that in order to improve the quality of my life I need to be more budget conscious and more responsible with what I do with my earnings. This is all the more important because my irrational and irresponsible spending impacts not only my own comfort, but the comfort of my family. At this point I am able to admit that I am at worst a compulsive spender, at best, unable to manage my earnings responsibly. I want to make a lifestyle change that reverses this conduct and improves the quality of my life and the lives of my loved ones. In this regard, I have focused my attention on what it is that I need to do to invoke an effective lifestyle change to curtail my spending habits. Current research into the topic of lifestyle changes typically agree that lifestyle change commences with identifying future goals and acknowledging current personal obstacles that can be changed to achieve a successful lifestyle change. McGraw (1999) informs that lifestyle changes begin with a realization that everyone faces challenges but the individual must take sole responsibility for meeting their own challenges (pp. 11-12). In general there are ten life laws for lifestyle changes. They are: becoming one of those that get it; accept that you are responsible for your own life; do that which works; accept what needs to be changed; take positive action; identify your perceptions; take control of your life; dictate how you are treated; be merciful and identify what you want to achieve (McGraw 1999). Markway et al (2003) caution that making lifestyle changes are never easy as it requires commitment, vision and discipline (p. 92). Tracy (2009) maintains that success driven persons are those who think ahead to the future and do not

Godfather Death and Rappaccini's Daughter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Godfather Death and Rappaccini's Daughter - Essay Example According to him, Death was the best choice because it did not discriminate on any person. Similarly, in ‘Rappaccini's Daughter’, there Giovanni is fascinated about nature’s flowers and them that he gets wing of Beatrice â€Å"Rappaccini's Daughter†. Therefore, the two works above shows or portrays the elements that are found within nature and how they would be handled. â€Å"Godfather Death" makes death as its evidence while whereas â€Å"Rappaccini's Daughter† makes use of the beautiful flowers. The two evidences used are a representative of nature (Smith). This article gives an account of two men who are determined to change the wrong things that are within their society. They feel that some people are being mistreated and that this needs change. This is shown by their actions that serve to facilitate administration of fairness and elimination of mistreatments. Part two The selected works look at a natural aspect that is found within the two sett ings. In finding a godfather for his son, the father has three choices form which he must come up with one. This is in relation to the knowledge of father on the three aspects that are found within nature. Similarly, in â€Å"Rappaccini's Daughter† the flowers and the garden represent nature and the flowers that are found with it. Therefore, this is a reflection of nature and the views of two men about nature aspects. Giovanni marvels at the garden and all its vegetation and as he goes on further into the garden, he notices that doctor Rappaccini is focusing on some flowers. He finds out that Beatrice is watching over the flowers, and he decides to change this aspect. According to him, Beatrice had been blessed with beauty and needed to be treated with care (Smith). Giovanni compared Beatrice with a flower that needed care in regard to treatment. For instance, she needed glove and a mask when being handled. Contrary, to this, her father made her watch over the flowers that he adored so much within the garden. He goes to her and leads her to the house. On the other hand, the father of the son had three aspects that qualified to be candidates for the position of a godfather for the son. The father goes on to look at all the three aspects in details by looking at their negative sides. On the aspect of God, the father says that God cannot be chosen as a Godfather because he brought poverty to the world. God created poverty for the world, and as a result, many people are suffering. The other aspect that was looked at was the acts of the devil on earth. Likewise, the devil did not qualify because of the evil things and actions that were associated with him. Finally, the father settles for death because it did not discriminate people in its actions. Death would befall the poor and even the rich without considering their status in the society. The son follows all that death required him to do until when he felt that something was not going right, and because of that, he decided to go against those requirements of Godfather Death. This is in relation to the sickness that he saw within people. According to him, this was unacceptable, and that is the reason that made him disobey orders given out by death. The paragraphs above gives an account of two men who go against forces of nature because they feel that their actions are unfair to people. In the case of Beatrice, Rappaccini's Daughter, it was not right to keep her outside to watch over flowers as her father made h

MEDI-CAL AND TRICARE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

MEDI-CAL AND TRICARE - Essay Example s is that Medi-Cal provides free medical care or share costs to all the individuals eligible, while Tricare guarantees free of charge care only to active duty military members and their families and only under one of the program types (Tricare Prime), whereas the rest have to pay a certain part of cost for the medical care. The history of both Medi-Cal and Tricare started in 1966. In July 1965, two major amendments to the Social Security Act expanded medical coverage to a wider range of population’s segments. ‘Title XVIII established the Medicare program, and Title XIX established the State-option medical assistance program known as Medicaid.’ Medi-Cal in California became effective in March 1966 (Medi-Cal Program). Though the idea of military medical care for the military men dates back to the late 1700s, little was done until the World War II, when Congress authorized the Emergency Maternal and Infant Care Program, covering wives and children of service members. Further steps were undertaken in 1956 as a result of the Korean conflict, when the Dependents Medical Care Act was signed into law. CHAMPUS was created by the 1966 amendments to this act and became effective in 1967. TRICARE was the result of the â€Å"CHAMPUS Reform Initiative† (CRI), one of the projects launched in 1980s, aimed at improving access to top-quality care with cost staying under control. What distinguishes TRICARE from the earlier programs is the provision of choice of ways in which service families may use their military health care benefits (Powers 2007). One is eligible for Medi-Cal benefits if he is 65 years or older, or he is blind, or is younger than 65 but has a disability. Those receiving Supplemental Security Income (SSI) get Medi-Cal benefits automatically. Those who don’t receive SSI can still qualify for Medi-Cal as long as their income and assets are under certain amounts. Eligiblity for Medi-Cal through SSI is available in case your monthly income doesn’t exceed

Engaging Colleagues Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Engaging Colleagues - Assignment Example Most basic techniques of regression and analysis of variance are not completely understood or used appropriately (Judd, 1995). I can assume that I’m not alone facing this problem, my colleagues must also face this and I’m guessing like me, many opted statistics to get over the math-phobia. One strategy would be if a teacher could help explain the most common tactics that can used as tools to make sense of the data analysis quickly. The quicker we make sense of the data analysis the better. It is obvious that the majority finds complex reports very boring and they require stamina and perseverance in comprehending reports. The manners of presenting the data count a lot and findings can be significantly enhanced in the presentation on the data (www.ori.dhhs.gov). Whether there is a gun to my head or not, there are certainly some of the reports that I do find interesting. Any report on patient psychology triggers curiosity and I love to comprehend and learn new things in the report, having said that, I would never read complex reports out of my own desire. There is simply no point if students cannot simply understand what the report wants to tell them. Most of us are wrongfully lead to believe that numbers are unquestionably correct (Helberg, 1995), which is one of the reasons why people hesitate in questioning them. There should be little bit of coaching on how to speedily analyze the data. For instance, there can be a time limit given to the students and colleagues to practice with and special instructions, so that when they will read complex reports they will only look for things that are absolutely necessary, otherwise known as clearing the word noise and getting to the

Introduction to operations and supply chain management Case Study

Introduction to operations and supply chain management - Case Study Example s by having electronics products that would otherwise pose health risks in landfills, being taken back to the factory to leave the lands free for other economic activities (Partridge, 2010). Thirdly, the specific consumers usually benefit from better, more functional electronic products by replacing their outdated versions with new ones. Finally, by absorbing the waste plastics and circuit boards of dysfunctional products, Samsung is technically saving the relevant governments of resources which would otherwise be used to maintain an eco-friendly environment (Partridge, 2010). This implies the electronics manufacturer has technically eliminated the need for governments in charge of its markets to create awareness on the need for environmental conservation and or to set up waste recycling plants such as plastic incinerators. According to Partridge (2010), building sustainable supply chains differs from good business practices because the former is more comprehensive. Sustainable supply chains involves incorporating ecologically and financially worthwhile practices in the core of supply chain processes, from R&D stages, to raw material selection, to production, packaging, haulage, storage, delivery, consumption and disposal. In contrast, good business practices are rather secondary to the production and supply of products. Samsung would still have implemented the Take Back and Recycling programs in markets where there are limited regulations, as a way of capping costs of production and keeping in pace with rapidly evolving technologies in the electronics industry. As Partridge (2010) noted, technology and electronic products are normally affected the most by rapid development of more sophisticated gadgetry. Constant evolution of technologies would have pushed Samsung into adopting Take Back and Recycling program on the basis of keeping the cost of production and distribution considering that procuring new supplies is usually costlier. The same case applies to

Hrm Ulrichs Model Essay Example for Free

Hrm Ulrichs Model Essay ?Briefly describe the major features you would expect to find in an HR function which has adopted the Ulrich Model as the basis for its structure. The HR model as defined by Ulrich (1997) states that HR function should be: 1. Strategic Partners: Sit at the managerial table and contribute to the organisations strategy and alignment of HR strategy. Communicates efficiently with line management. Understands the business environment and drives key business processes and activities 2. Change Agents: Support, facilitate and initiate change, act as a stabilising force for employees in times of change 3. Employee Champions: Takes action to protect the interests and well being of the employees and ensuring they are the voice of the employee. 4. Administrative Experts: Ensures polices and procedures are up to date, they are legally compliant and have the ability to deliver innovative HR practices in HR recruitment, employee development and communication In the 1990’s Dave Ulrich moved to the three legged stool model for the organisation of the HR Function, this provided Centres of excellence This is a HR unit or an outsourced facility that provides HR services to a number of parties within the organisation. HR experts provide high level advice and solutions on key services and hr activities such as training and development, recruitment, reward and employee relations. Strategic Business Partners Senior HR Managers work closely with business leaders and line managers to contribute to the overall organisations strategy and align with HR strategy. They understand the business environment and drive key business processes and activities. HRM are expected to be creative Shared Services centres Large organisations provide a centralised HR function which deliver routine HR administration such as payroll, recruitment administration or absence monitoring.

Ethics of Freezing and Buying Eggs

Ethics of Freezing and Buying Eggs $15,000 baby is a very interesting case to consider for me, I have a lot of personal feelings on this and I am going to try and set aside some of them in order to have a fresh perspective, I do however, see myself being very bias on this topic to begin with so I apologize ahead of time and also you may learn some stuff about me in this paper. As far as the specific benefit of freezing eggs, I do not think this is a benefit health care organizations should consider offering in any way. First, I think it is going to be too costly to provide for females who actually want the procedure done.   Second, I dont think many women will bite on this offer, especially since there is such a low chance of actually conceiving this way. If you look at age alone, and IVF, the rates get lower as they get older as chances of conception anyhow. Looking only at the IVF treatments that used fresh embryos from non-donor eggs, the number of women under the age of 35 who gave birth using IVF was about 40%, compared with only 31% for women between the ages of 35 and 37. Only 3.9% of 42-year-olds got pregnant as a result of IVF treatment. (Christensen, 2014) I think it is a wasted benefit when there are other focuses in this area that could be used as a benefit. I do think that adding in benefits for working moms to stay home longer would be great, or adoption assistance for those who cant get pregnant at all or even IVF for those who struggle to get pregnant. To make this a little personal I will go into a little detail about myself and struggles with infertility. I was married for five years to an Australian guy prior to my current relationship. We had tried four of the five years attempting to get pregnant. It ultimately ended our relationship. After numerous fertility specialist and thousands of dollars we found out it was the combination of the two of us together. So we looked into the next step of having kids, which for us, was IVF. Not only did our insurance not cover IVF t hey did not cover any of the fertility specialist either. So we decided to go the adoption route which also was out of pocket. We agreed that our genes werent so superior that we had to make a baby in a test tube when there were so many kids out there needing homes. The last class we took as a requirement for adoption my ex-husband decided that not only did he not want to adopt, he was also done with the relationship. Obviously it was not meant to be and I am in the best place ever due to that decision and I have no regrets of any of it, I have an amazing 7-month old baby now and things worked out how they were supposed to. However, that struggle to me is all too real. I will never understand this being a benefit and a possibility and not infertility specialist, IVF, adoption, etc. I do know there are companies that exist that do have some of these benefits. Which is fantastic. However, the ones offering this benefit in my eyes it benefits only one person and that is the company. Th ey are offering to give women the opportunity to focus on their career rather than a family to benefit the company themselves. So they dont have to worry about maternity leave from top performers or women quitting and never coming back. I can understand the administrative perspective of this and I try to look at it with an open mind and without emotional thinking. However, I come back to the point that if they are so willing to help women extend their age of mom hood but not willing to assist in them becoming a mom in other ways then it really is not a benefit for women, especially the majority of women. If the DHHS mandates these benefits I think the impact on businesses would be significant. First, it is going to be very costly. The act of IVF alone is around $10,000 for one try and there are numerous couples who would take full advantage of this opportunity. The average cost of one IVF treatment in the United States is $12,400, and thats without the extra medicines the couple may need, according to the American Society of Reproductive Medicine. Often, couples will need more than one treatment to conceive. (Christensen, 2014) If they take advantage of the opportunity the next step would be the amount of women able to get pregnant now that were not before, taking maternity leave and possibly even quitting the job field. The benefits to egg freezing however, would be very beneficial to a lot of companies. Especially for the women who are go-getter, company changing, innovative game changers for the companies. They would hate to put a stall in that or have them change or even worse, r esign for mother hood. I can tell you from personal experience that so far in my childs 7 months of life, my way of thinking is completely different. Not even just on an emotional or logical sense but in the way that my brain literally does not function the way it did before. I feel clouded, slow to speak instead of witty as I was before, distracted, exhausted, etc. My brain literally does not work as quick and I feel foggy at times as if I have dumbed down. I had heard the term pregnancy brain on and off again throughout my pregnancy but then found out that it really kicks in after you have had a baby and you are only getting 3-4 hours of sleep a night total for even the first 7 months. I learned though that this tends to wear off and go away after a year, and some of it sticks forever. With all of that said, women having babies in a position of power or innovation, could cause unanticipated negative effects for the company they work for. So I can understand wanting to put off moth erhood until your career is well established and thriving. There would also be an impact on the health care industry here. The cost of these procedures are high, but if the companies are paying for them to begin with it will cause a drive in the amount of people seeking theses services, therefore, supply and demand changes and maybe the cost of these services may eventually go down. We would also have more women having babies. doctors at these clinics performed 165,172 procedures, including IVF, with 61,740 babies born as a result of those efforts in 2012. (Christensen, 2014) The impact on federally mandated paid family leave, FMLA would be very expensive. People use FMLA every day. At any given time, 10.7% of the U.S. workforce is on FMLA leave. Thats right, according to FMLA Sources analysis, one in every 10 employees is taking FMLA leave right now. And thats the average in some industries the number is far greater. For example, in health care organizations and call centers, the number of people on FMLA leave at a given time is as much as 30%. (Schappel, 2015) If you put that in numbers, specifically the health care system it would ultimately go bankrupt and be nonexistent. It would change the way FMLA is given out in the healthcare industry as well. I think right now physicians are very lenient on signing FMLA paperwork because it has no detrimental effect on them in anyway. However, once it becomes a monetary thing, the companies could begin to look into suing physicians for giving FMLA when it is not needed. I think it will also cause a huge uproar for companies in the matter of having to payout FMLA for things that could have been prevented, i.e. type two diabetes, lung cancer from cigarettes, pregnancy, etc. This may cause companies and the health care industry to make prophylactic care even more of a priority than it already is. There are lot of ethics involved here for everyone in the party. I read an article written for NY times that points out a lot of valid arguments as to why it could be unethical to provide this benefit to women. First, stimulating womens ovaries and retrieving eggs is a two-week medical process that is not without medical risk. Offering or promoting it to women who may never need it should be done cautiously. Employers may have the best of intentions, but no woman should undergo a medical procedure without thorough, informed consent obtained through discussion with a genuinely objective medical professionalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ there are other costs, including annual storage fees. these smart, young, fertile workers share a lot of characteristics with ideal egg donors. Ultimately, these unneeded eggs may end up on the market. And if you dont work for Apple or Facebook, want to preserve your fertility and need to find a way to pay for it, you might be offered an egg-sharing option. All of th is may be tempting for women, employers and doctors alike, but it raises serious ethical, informed consent and conflict of interest issues. (Crockin 2014) As she says, there are some serious risk in doing this, plus the outcomes really are not all that promising. So ethically you are putting women at higher risk doing this method with a promise of a baby later in life when realistically the chance is only at 30% that they become pregnant. So you are setting in a false hope into women who eventually want to parent, they count on you to provide these services so they can wait to be moms and then the time comes they choose to become a parent and their egg is no good or doesnt take any of the times and then they have no child after all. This can all be pinpointed back to the employer for enticing them to begin with. As a CEO I would seriously consider the want for this benefit, even if I disagree with it. Some of the things I would be looking at and considering are the percentage of women requesting it. If it is such a small amount of request that the impact wont hurt or help either way, I would deny the coverage and request a meeting explaining why I denied it as a coverage but offer up a savings plan in place that the company would be willing to match up to a certain percentage of the savings this way all employees would benefit from something rather than one expensive benefit given out to select few. If numerous women were interested in this process, I would figure out the cost to our company if 100% took advantage and make my decision from there. I would have to decide if it is detrimental to have in order to keep the women requesting this as well as if it would attract new employees who are also looking for this sort of benefit.   Overall, the benefit to me appears to be an overkill. There are numerous benefits out there that can be given that would help more people and be less expensive. If it is just to be innovative and make it on the news for the uniqueness that is for each company to decide. I just do not see much of a benefit here overall for employees and even the employers. What is the purpose for new employee orientation?   What are the essential components of an effective orientation program? What was the training and orientation you received in your most recent job?   What changes would you propose to your supervisors and how will you communicate these? If you were to design an orientation from scratch for your employer, what would you include? Why? New employee orientation is designed to help new employees develop a basic understanding and skill set of the company they were hired within. This covers everything from basic policies to individualized task and job description duties. 25 percent of companies admitted that their onboarding program does not include any form of training, which leads to a loss of 60 percent of a companys entire workforce. Without a substantial and effective training program in a new employee onboarding effort, disappointments will result relative to performance and other profit hindering factors. (Kime, 2015) The essential components of an effective orientation program according to Albert Brannen are; Compliance with government rules, information about the employers mission, core values and culture, information about the employers benefits, information about critical employer policies, introduction to other employees and to the employers facilities, thorough explanation about the new employees job dutie s, documentation of the entire orientation process. (Brannen, 2014). I am going to actually reference my job as a surgical technologist since my last job I was at for 3 years and although it had a great orientation program, it was not near as in depth as orientation for becoming a surgical technologist in Labor and Delivery. My initial orientation required that I go to an actual hospital wide orientation class for an entire week. The first day was all formalities, ID badges, tax forms, blank checks for direct deposit, benefit sign up, etc. The next 4 days were spent going over, in depth, hospital policies, blood borne pathogens, cpr certifications, harassment training, really boring osha required videos, emergency preparedness, HIPPA, etc. It was long and really awful but also the norm for any new clinical employee at the hospital. After my week of hospital orientation, I began what would be eight weeks of job specific orientation. I had a mentor that I was paired with for eight wee ks who taught me everything I would ever need to know as a surgical technologist in Labor and Delivery. He (the only male in our entire department) had been there for over 15 years. He was able to teach me things I would have never learned in school, the actual job itself and the best part, doctors preferences. The hardest part about being the right hand to a surgeon is that every single one of them were completely different. They would call the names of instruments whatever they wanted, they all used completely different suture, they wanted retractors held a different way, umbilical cords cut at different lengths, staples done different, etc. Those were all within my scope of practice as well as numerous other things, and every one of them wanted it done different. By then end of my eight weeks on orientation not only did I know how to do a C-section from start to finish in my sleep but I could also individualize each case depending on the doctors wants and needs and we had over 30 doctors including the current family practice residents (who never really knew what they wanted). The count of the instruments, the set-up of everything, each layer of tissue being cut into, what they were called and how to separate them (there are 5 layers before you get to the amniotic sac à ¯Ã‚ Ã…  ), when to pass the instruments and when to pass blood control without a doctor ever asking me for anything, I could retract without having to be repositioned, when baby was born I had cord clamps and scissors ready for me to cut the cord and then draw cord blood an automatic requirement and then immediately as baby is handed off to nurse I began to pass suture and begin blood control again all while calculating blood loss and maintain a sterile field. I could do all of this by eight weeks (obviously plus two years of school before hand) thanks to my orientation. By six months I worked nights and only did emergency C-sections. I had done everything from a prolapsed cord, which is in sane if you ever have time to research it, to hemorrhaging patients where we literally had to run to the O.R. and do whats called a splash and dash (iodine pour and cut) and I did it with confidence and without error. I could still perform a C-section sans doctor today if I ever had to. Its amazing what the surgical technologist are allowed to do within their scope of practice. My favorite was finally getting to do sutures and staples of the final close. It was thrilling to me and I would have never thrived as well without my eight weeks of orientation with someone by my side at all times. New employees who attended a well-structured onboarding orientation program, were 69 percent more likely to remain at a company up to three years. Losing an employee due to their experiences of being confused, feeling alienated, or lacking confidence is a sign of poor onboard programming (Kime, 2014) Some of the changes I would include in that orientation are important. First, I think I should hav e had orientation for at least on night shift, because it was an entire different ball game. It would have been nice to adjust to the differences before being released on my own. Second, I would have made sure to explain a solo C-section. Basically the surgeon has to have two surgical technologists to do the procedure. There is the right hand tech which is who I always was and then a tech across from myself and the doctor who is just there to help retract and maintain count and sterile fields. However, a lot of times (the reason I quit ultimately) I was alone on Friday nights. The only Surgical Technologist in our department. Which means for emergency C-sections (thank God we never had more than one at a time!) I had to train a nurse in a crash course of how to maintain a sterile field and retract. It is a simple concept but in an emergency you have a nurse who knows how to gown and glove but has never ever assisted on a C-section. I think it would have been really nice to go over a ll of this in orientation because everyone had to solo a C-section from time to time and knowing what key points to use to train I feel are crucial. I still feel like this is absolutely not okay from an administrative point of view, the risk is way to high throwing in a nurse who did not study sterile technique into a surgery they have never done, during an emergency. But, that is another topic that I will try not to disclose at this point. If I were to design an orientation program from scratch I would include all of what was already included in mine but also include night training, how to train and RN in a crash course, etc. I would also implement a surgeon training book, basically a book of all of the surgeons quirks, preferences, pet peeves, etc. into a pocket book to help reference to and learn in order to make a smoother surgery and a happy surgeon. Because, lets face it, if your surgeon hates you, your life is hell. God, I dont miss those days. I do miss the job itself though . Employers are finding it more difficult to support health insurance coverage as a benefit as it has become costlier than the tax savings for offering it.   Do you think employer-based health insurance on its way out under the affordable Care Act?   What are practical concerns if employers do not maintain this benefit to a healthcare organization?   What trends are there in the workplace in this region? What are employers doing to manage its health costs? Employer-Based health insurance is becoming more and more expensive. It is a lot more costly then it is to just pay the taxes Obama care actually requires. The employer mandate fee (officially called an Employer Shared Responsibility Payment) is a per-month, per-employee fee for employers who have more than 50 full-time equivalent employees and dont offer health coverage to the required amount of full-time employees (as well as their dependents up to age 26). The annual fee is $2,000 per employee if insurance isnt offered at all (the first 30 full-time employees are exempt). This helps lower the fee for smaller firms who are still required to pay the fee. Unlike employer contributions to employee premiums, the Employer Shared Responsibility Payment is not tax deductible. (Obamacarefacts, 2016) The company has to provide affordable insurance. Affordable means that a plan costs no more than 9.5% of employees household income for employee-only coverage. As a safe harbor, employers can s imply make sure the plan costs no more than 9.5% of employee-only income. (Obamacarefacts 2016) So since it is cheaper for a lot of companies to pay the fee instead of providing affordable insurance at no more than 9.5% of their employees household income, I can see how it could eventually work its way out of the system. However, companies that choose to not provide insurance will be the bottom on the list of places to apply looking ahead at total compensation plans it would really cut out of the total compensation provided. So I think if the company is smart they will not eliminate health insurance over all. The trends in our regions are kind of hard to determine because, Approximately 96 percent of employers are small businesses and have fewer than 50 FTE workers and are exempt from the employer responsibility provisions. (Obamacarefacts, 2016) Therefor they are not mandated to provide insurance anyhow and already have a system set in place for their policies in their workplaces. Since this has gone into effect a lot of companies have moved full time employees into part time positions to avoid having to provide insurance. It has caused a lot of people to lose finances, jobs, homes, etc all based upon the fact that employers had to cut hours and add in more part time workers in order to completely avoid the mandate altogether. Some of the things employers are doing to manage health cost are focusing on prophylactic care, or preventative health. They are providing routine screenings, competitions for weight loss programs, healthy lifestyle tips, healthy vending machines, etc. They are doing this in order to decrease health insurance use and ultimately cut down the cost of insurance premiums overall. Describe the concept of total compensation and components that make it up.   Why is it important?   How is it determined?   What impact does it have on recruitment and retention? Total compensation is not just the amount of money being paid but the total amount with benefits included being a total sum of all your compensation you are receiving to do the job. There are ten elements that comprise a typical compensation package. They are: Base Salary Annual/Quarterly Bonus Other bonus (Peer, boss, outstanding non-normal accomplishments) Stock options Stock units (Hurray!) 401k contribution (Pre-tax and Roth) Health Wellness (Medical, dental, vision, employee assistance program) Life Accident Insurance (Basic life, accidental death and dismemberment, long term disability, survivor income benefit) Other Insurance (Travel, legal) Perks (Food, internet services, gym memberships, cell phone and service, company bus/train/plane, massages, company discounts, electric car chargers, university/ongoing education funding, etc.) (Kaushik, 2014) Total compensation is important because it determines the value of the job as a whole when deciding upon a position or career place. Hourly wages and salary do not matter in total when deciding a job anymore, the benefits package makes a big difference on making final decisions these days. Total compensation, which includes wages and benefits, is most often thought of as the key element affecting an individuals decision to accept the position with an organization. (Fried, 2015) To determine total compensation you would add up your base pay with your benefits provided. Or according to Fried, Total compensation is the value of the employees base salary plus the value of the benefits package. An employer may help articulate this fact in several ways, including the following: Add a section on pay advices that notes the value of the employer-paid portion of health insurance. Provide benefits calculation tools on the company website or intranet. Produce customized benefits statements during the annual open enrollment process. Use social media to communicate benefits through a patient portal and/or interactive applications. Communication of the worth of these benefits is essential if an employer intends them to play a part in recruitment and retention. (Fried, 2015) Recruitment and retention are going to depend on this factor in order to draw in the right employees like the book says, you have to have something ready for them to visibly see the actual dollar amount of the benefits being offered in order to show the true value of what is being offered to them. This is crucial in staying ahead of the game in the job market. Resources Fried, B. J., Fottler, M. D. (2015). Human Resources in Healthcare Managing for Success (4th ed.). Chicago, IL: Health Administration Press. Kime, Corey. 9 Surprising Employee Onboarding Statistics Lesson.ly. Lessonly. 13 Nov. 2014. Web. 03 Apr. 2016. Christensen, Jen. Record Number of Women Using IVF to Get Pregnant. CNN. Cable News Network, 18 Feb. 2014. Web. 02 Apr. 2016. Crockin, Susan. Egg Freezing Raises Fundamental Issues of Ethics and Fairness. The New York Times. 15 Oct. 2014. Web. 02 Apr. 2016. Brannen, Albert. 7 Key Elements of an Effective New Employee Orientation Program. MultiBrief:. 9 Oct. 2014. Web. 02 Apr. 2016. Schappel, Christian. Wait à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ There Are How Many People on FMLA Leave? HRmorning. HR Pros, 30 Sept. 2015. Web. 03 Apr. 2016. Kaushik, Avinash. 10 Key Elements of a Total Compensation Package. Linkedin. 17 Jan. 2014. Web. 3 Apr. 2016. ObamaCare Employer Mandate. Obamacare Facts. Web. 03 Apr. 2016.

Use of Protease Inhibitors as Insecticides

Use of Protease Inhibitors as Insecticides The Plagues of Egypt are a well-known to many, to send a message to the Pharaoh, the eighth of which saw Moses have God send was a plague of locusts to destroy crops. Luckily those were mere allegorical stories. What is true is that crop yields for ancient societies have always been plagued pests destroying crops. Even in modern times pests are a major issue for farmers. Effective modern delivery methods of insecticides to fight pests such as chemical sprays like the infamous roundup by Monsanto have proven to be effective, but face issues such as potential poisons lingering in the environment, insects acquiring resistance to them over time, not being very specific in their targets often killing everything they are sprayed on, and tend to be quite toxic. A more effective method has been the use of biological pesticides, where plants in question generate toxins required to fight insects specifically without being toxic. One methods of delivery that has shown promise has been to use pr oteinase inhibitors. Proteases are found in almost all organisms playing important roles in biological processes by breaking down proteins via hydrolytic reactions (Lin et al., 2017). If proteases are overexpressed in a cell it can lead to many proteins being degraded needlessly affecting cell function (Lin et al., 2017). As a result, proteases need to be properly controlled and one of the most efficient ways to do so is with protease inhibitors. When proteinase inhibitors (PIs) bind to digestive enzymes it causes them to become unreactive (Broadway and Duffey, 1986). The pancreas would then have to secrete additional proteinases itself to fight the inhibition from inhibitors so that normal digestion can occur and prevent re-absorption of protease-inhibitor enzyme complex (Broadway and Duffey, 1986). If this process is left unhindered it would lead to loss of essential amino acids which could have be used to build more proteases (Broadway and Duffey, 1986). This loss of amino acids results in an amino ac id deficiency that leads to growth, development and survival issues of the organism (Fatemeh and Bandani, 2011). What makes proteinase inhibitors attractive for controlling pests is that they are encoded by single genes and are effective over wide ranges of pests, making them more practical than methods that rely on inhibiting complex pathways with similar targets (Fatemeh and Bandani, 2011). A substantial amount of development has gone towards finding suitable proteinase inhibitors for plants to express. Insects have also been found to be adapting against the use of protease inhibitors, with some being able to overexpress gut proteases or create new enzymes that are harder to inhibit (Nath et al., 2015). This only shows that the study of proteinase inhibitors still has a long ways to go and will require much more study. Some of the techniques studied in recent years to deter pests include use of trypsin inhibitor against lepidopteran larvae and serine proteinase inhibitors against mosquitos. It was believed that a trypsin inhibitor that was expressed in the germinating seed of Dolichos biflorus would be effective the gut proteins of P. brassicae and S. littoralis. To test this theory researchers extracted the PI from germinating various seed samples then sterilizing seeds in ethanol and water and growing them, collecting the plant seeds from flowering plants at different time intervals and then grinded them up into fine powder and processed it with acetone to get a crude extract (Nath et al., 2015). Researchers were able to measure and extract the amount of trypsin inhibitor in each seed from the crude extract via centrifugation and found that the more days after germination when they extracted the trypsin inhibitor the less the seed had (Nath et al., 2015). This decline coincided with noted decreases in soluble protein activity in the seeds after germination which could be attributed to degradation of proteins including inhibitors and proteases during germination (Nath et al., 2015). To measure trypsin inhibitor effectiveness against gut proteases of organisms, researchers also dissected the midgut of P. brassicae and S. littoralis and centrifuged it to isolate for a source of trypsin, which they found (Nath et al., 2015). To measure activity of inhibitor against gut proteases, researchers measured optical density after mixing inhibitor and gut proteases together (Nath et al., 2015). It was found in this study that all trypsin inhibitors extracted from seeds exhibited inhibitory response against P. brassicae, researchers then took the sample (HPK4) that showed highest inhibitory action and tested it against proteases of S. littoralis, and found that it also exhibited inhibitory activity making it ideal an ideal candidate for an insecticide (Nath et al., 2015). To test inhibitor ability as an insecticide researchers used cabbage leaf discs coated in trypsin inhibitor extracted from HPK4 seeds as it had the highest activity, and fed it to newly hat ched larvae for 5 days (Nath et al., 2015). The experiment measured the amount of the leaf disc eaten and fecal matter produced from larvae over the 5 day period using different concentrations of trypsin inhibitor ranging from 0.025mg to 2.5mg (Nath et al., 2015).ÂÂ   It was found that P. brassicae larvae were sensitive to inhibitor as they showed mortality rate ranging from 10% to 80% (at 0.025mg and 2.5mg concentration respectively) after 5 days of feeding (Nath et al., 2015). Larval fecal matter was also noted to having 38% less gut trypsin and other soluble proteins compared to fecal matter in control samples, and with less of cabbage leaf being eaten in all samples compared to control due to massive dying off of larvae (Nath et al., 2015).ÂÂ   Larval death could be attributed to lack of essential amino acids in insects body due to trypsin inhibitor (Nath et al., 2015). Reduced soluble protein in fecal matter was attributed to less intestinal aberration and the fact th at much less of the leaf was eaten overall (Nath et al., 2015).ÂÂ   Similar results were found in complementary study regarding the effects on S. littoralis, with low survival rates, reduced larval mass, and decreased soluble protein concentration in fecal matter compared to control (Nath et al., 2015). Overall researchers were able to conclude that the PIs (trypsin inhibitor in this case) from various germinating seed strains were able to inhibit gut proteinases of many lepidopteran larvae such as P. brassicae and S. littoralis (Nath et al., 2015).ÂÂ   It is worth noting that while this experiment used PIs as a spray over plants, researchers indicate that this holds promising future for crops to express higher levels of proteinase inhibitors naturally to fight pest populations in a way without spraying toxic pesticides (Nath et al., 2015). Another tested method to fight pests was with serine proteinase inhibitors. Mosquitoes are a major vector of disease carrying with them malaria, west nile virus, and etc, mosquitoes are found around the world and it has been reaffirmed many times that the best way to control mosquitos is through controlling populations (Soares, Soares Torquato, Alves Lemos, Tanaka, 2013).ÂÂ   This topic has been studied extensively and is known that the majority of digestive enzymes for mosquitoes are serine proteases (Soares, Soares Torquato, Alves Lemos, Tanaka, 2013). For this experiment researchers looked into Ae. aegypti a mosquito strain which is found commonly around the world (Soares, Soares Torquato, Alves Lemos, Tanaka, 2013). It was determined that mosquito larvae would be the ideal target for this protease inhibitors because they are aquatic and feed constantly which would give inhibitors the greatest chance to succeed in killing them as they are in early development (Soares, Soar es Torquato, Alves Lemos, Tanaka, 2013). To determine which serine proteases were present in mosquito larvae researchers performed a kinetic assay of larval midgut proteins and determined that the gut extract was a host to trypsin-like, elastase-like, and chymotrypsin-like enzymatic activities (Soares, Soares Torquato, Alves Lemos, Tanaka, 2013). Researchers then used a phage display system to select an inhibitor for all of these digestive proteases, finding that HiTI a trypsin inhibitor from the horn fly would suffice because of successful detection for HiTI on an active M13 phage as it was fused to coat one of the coat proteins (Soares, Soares Torquato, Alves Lemos, Tanaka, 2013).ÂÂ   Researchers then created aÂÂ   combinatorial HiTI inhibitor library and tested for their ability to inhibit the serine proteases in mosquito larvae and their ability to inhibit the trypsin-like, chymotrypsin-like and elastase-like proteases (Soares, Soares Torquato, Alves Lemos, Tanaka, 2013). Amino acid analysis of phagemid DNA indicated that for HiTI, the largest area for variation occurred in the P1 position of the enzyme (Soares, Soares Torquato, Alves Lemos, Tanaka, 2013). This was important because it appeared this position determined the specificity of the HiTI inhibitor, as it was found that if a basic amino acid was present in P1 it would inhibit trypsin, while chymotrypsin would be inhibited if hydrophobic amino acids was present, and if small aliphatic amino acids are present then elastase would be inhibited (Soares, Soares Torquato, Alves Lemos, Tanaka, 2013). Among the library created mutants that would inhibit one of the three noted above were found with majority of clones not being proteases (Soares, Soares Torquato, Alves Lemos, Tanaka, 2013). Researchers then proceeded to purify and clone the HiTI variants into a plamids which experessed in P.pastoris (Soares, Soares Torquato, Alves Lemos, Tanaka, 2013).It was found that the wild type HiTI was able to inhibit the trypsin-like enzymes but not the remaining two (Soares, Soares Torquato, Alves Lemos, Tanaka, 2013). Researchers were able to find 3 mutants that inhibited trypsin-like enzymes but did not inhibit elastase-like and chymotrypsin-like enzymatic reactions, two variants were found to inhibit chymotrypsin with high selectivity for bovine chymotrypsin, one of which (T23) was also found to be an inhibitor for elastase-like proteases as well reaffirming the researchers belief in specific selection by inhibitors for different proteases (Soares, Soares Torquato, Alves Lemos, Tanaka, 2013). The results of this research are promising because this study provides a better understanding of mosquito gut enzymes and provides a framework for insecticide development based on protease inhibitors for mosquitos. In conclusion, it was found that proteinase inhibitors are a viable methods for controlling pests whether it is controlling mosquito populations by feeding larvae serine proteinase inhibitor or coating crops with trypsin inhibitors and feeding it to pests. Much of the work currently has been formed around determining which proteinase inhibitors would match well with their intended target. In order to expand the scope and make proteinases a functional insecticide it would seem more work needs to be done around delivery systems, whether it be as a chemical insecticide spray or genetically altering plants to overexpress proteinase inhibitors. Over time as this field becomes more developed we can be able to determine the effects of these inhibitors on humans. The concept has been proven and more work is needed to make them viable, proteinase inhibitors have a strong future and once the kinks have been worked out then there is no doubt they will be massively successful in increasing crop yields and fighting off pests. References Dantzger, M., Vasconcelos, I. M., Scorsato, V., Aparicio, R., Marangoni, S., Macedo, M. L. R. (2013). Bowman-Birk proteinase inhibitor from Clitoria fairchildiana seeds: Isolation, biochemical properties and insecticidal potential. Phytochemistry, 118(August), 224-235. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.08.013 Lin, H., Lin, X., Zhu, J., Yu, X.-Q., Xia, X., Yao, F., You, M. (2017). Characterization and expression profiling of serine protease inhibitors in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). BMC Genomics, 18(1), 162. http://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-017-3583-z Nath, A. K., Kumari, R., Sharma, S., Sharma, H. (2015). Biological activity of Dolichos biflorus L. trypsin inhibitor against lepidopteran insect pests. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 53(September), 594-599. Soares, T. S., Soares Torquato, R. J., Alves Lemos, F. J., Tanaka, A. S. (2013). Selective inhibitors of digestive enzymes from Aedes aegypti larvae identified by phage display. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 43(1), 9-16. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibmb.2012.10.007 Broadway, R. M., Duffey, S. S. (1986). Plant proteinase inhibitors: Mechanism of action and effect on the growth and digestive physiology of larval Heliothis zea and Spodoptera exigua. Journal of Insect Physiology, 32(10), 827-833. http://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1910(86)90097-1 Saadati, F., Bandani, A. R. (2011). Effects of Serine Protease Inhibitors on Growth and Development and Digestive Serine Proteinases of the Sunn Pest, Eurygaster integriceps. Journal of Insect Science (Online), 11(72), 72. http://doi.org/10.1673/031.011.7201

Madness and Insanity in Shakespeares Hamlet - Is Hamlet Mad? :: Shakespeare Hamlet Essays

Is Hamlet Mad? Perhaps the world's most famous mental patient, Hamlet's sanity has been argued over by countless learned scholars for hundreds of years. As a mere student of advanced-level English Literature, I doubt I can add anything new to the debate in 2000 words, but I can look at the evidence supporting or dispelling each argument and come to my own conclusion. Hamlet is obviously experiencing grief and despair right from the beginning of the novel, with the death of his father and his uncle's seizure of the throne and rapid weddign of Hamlet's mother, and we can observe his great grief bordering on irrational suicidal tendencies as early as Act II Sc I, where he gives his first soliloquy. He cries: "O that this too too solid flesh would melt, Thaw, and resolve itself into a dew! Or that the Everlasting had not fixed His canon 'gainst self-slaughter!" Macbeth wants his flesh to dissolve into a dew ("solid" contrasting with "melt" in the first line), and wishes that God had not forbade suicides from going to heaven. This is also the first glimpse of another recurring theme in the play, that of Hamlet's unhealthy obsession with the afterlife. This is one of the reasons that the ghost of his father has such an effect on him, which is a trigger for all the subsequent events in the play. Moving on to the fourth scene, the next interesting speech is on l. 23. It is a long and complicated speech, but its general gist is that if a person has one fault, no matter how virtuous they may be in other ways, they are soiled by "the stamp of one defect". This speech is quite ironic, because it is Hamlet's "one defect" (his hesitancy and inability to take action), regardless of his other qualities (such as honour and integrity), will be the main reason why the play ends so tragically. Although we are supposed to suspect that "something is rotten in the state of Denmark", as Horatio puts it, from the start of the play, it is only when Hamlet talks with the ghost of his father in Act I Sc V that we realise the full extent of his uncle's treachery. When he first sees the ghost, Horatio and Marcellus try to restrain him, Horatio saying: "What if it tempt you toward the flood, my lord, Or to the dreadful summit of the cliff That beetles o'er his base into the sea, And there assume some other horrible form, Which might deprive your sovereignty of reason,

Jewel: Pieces Of A Shattered Dream :: essays research papers

My opinion of the book mentioned above is that it is extremely well written and inhibits several unique characteristics. The typical biography or autobiography is written in a sober manner, such that the reader is completely bored by the events of the life of the subject. The author Kristen Kemp, wrote this book so that the audience is excited and anxious to discover what happens in the next chapter in the life of the specified individual. An example of the authors exciting style of writing is evident in this quote referring to Jewel's acceptance to Interlochen Arts Academy in Michigan; "Just like that, Jewel set out for, possible, her most life changing journey of all." That statement could have been written so that it simply stated that Jewel was going to attend that academy, however, due to Kristen Kemp's writing style, the statement kept me excited to read another chapter. I think that Jewel's life was full of outstanding events that were interesting to read about. I'm glad that I chose this book as compared to other biographies based upon a less eventful life. There were extreme high points in her life, "It was like overnight that Jewel discovered happiness while riding around in a VW van." These times incorporated happiness into the reading, while the low ones "Despite her efforts to make herself feel better, she couldn't escape some of her problems" established sympathy. A variety of mixed emotions are the key ingredient in making a making a reader become involved in the story line. Jewel Kilcher was born on May 23, 1974, and grew up in Homer, Alaska. She lived with her parents and two brothers in a house on an extremely large plot of land. Their house had no TV or running water. Having no running water meant no shower and no indoor plumbing, just an outhouse in the yard. Growing up, Jewel helped take care of the horses that her family raised. She also hayed and worked in the family's garden with her father. Both, her father and mother, were extremely musically inclined and performed all over Alaska. When Jewel was six, she was singing and traveling with them. She acquired an amazing ability to yodel at this age, and soon this became a regular accompaniment with her parents. A few years later, Jewel's parents divorced. She still traveled with her father every once in a while for seven more years.

Alternative Medicine :: essays papers

Alternative Medicine Throughout recorded history, people of various cultures have relied on what Western medical practitioners today call alternative medicine. The term alternative medicine covers a broad range of healing philosophies, approaches, and therapies. It generally describes those treatments and health care practices that are outside mainstream Western health care. People use these treatments and therapies in a variety of ways. Alternative therapies used alone are often referred to as alternative; when used in combination with other alternative therapies, or in addition to conventional therapies they are referred to as complementary. Some therapies are far outside the realm of accepted Western medical theory and practice, but some, like chiropractic treatments, are now established in mainstream medicine. Worldwide, only an estimated ten to thirty percent of human health care is delivered by conventional, biomedically oriented practitioners ("Fields of Practice"). The remaining seventy to ninety percent ranges from self-care according to folk principles, to care given in an organized health care system based on alternative therapies ("Fields of Practice"). Many cultures have folk medicine traditions that include the use of plants and plant products. In ancient cultures, people methodically collected information on herbs and developed well-defined herbal pharmacopoeias. Indeed, well into the twentieth century much of the pharmacology of scientific medicine was derived from the herbal lore of native peoples. Many drugs commonly used today are of herbal origin: one-quarter of the prescription drugs dispensed by community pharmacies in the United States contain at least one active ingredient derived from plant material ("Fields of Practice"). Twenty years ago, few physicians would have advised patients to take folic acid to prevent birth defects, vitamin E to promote a healthy heart, or vitamin C to bolster their immune systems. Yet today, doctor and patient alike know of the lifesaving benefits of these vitamins. Twenty years ago, acupuncture, guided imagery, and therapeutic touch were considered outright quackery. Now, however, in clinics and hospitals around the country, non-traditional therapies are gaining wider acceptance as testimonials and studies report success using them to treat such chronic maladies as back pain and arthritis. The number of people availing themselves of these alternative therapies is staggering. In 1991 about twenty-one million Americans made four hundred and twenty-five million visits to practitioners of these types of alternative medicine; more than the estimated three hundred and eighty-eight million visits made to general practitioners that year (Apostolides). The U.S. Department of Education has accredited more than twenty acupuncture schools and more than thirty medical schools now offer courses in acupuncture (Lombardo; Smith). As the number of Western medical institutions researching alternative therapies increases, the legitimacy of at least some alternative therapies will also increase. Alternative Medicine :: essays papers Alternative Medicine Throughout recorded history, people of various cultures have relied on what Western medical practitioners today call alternative medicine. The term alternative medicine covers a broad range of healing philosophies, approaches, and therapies. It generally describes those treatments and health care practices that are outside mainstream Western health care. People use these treatments and therapies in a variety of ways. Alternative therapies used alone are often referred to as alternative; when used in combination with other alternative therapies, or in addition to conventional therapies they are referred to as complementary. Some therapies are far outside the realm of accepted Western medical theory and practice, but some, like chiropractic treatments, are now established in mainstream medicine. Worldwide, only an estimated ten to thirty percent of human health care is delivered by conventional, biomedically oriented practitioners ("Fields of Practice"). The remaining seventy to ninety percent ranges from self-care according to folk principles, to care given in an organized health care system based on alternative therapies ("Fields of Practice"). Many cultures have folk medicine traditions that include the use of plants and plant products. In ancient cultures, people methodically collected information on herbs and developed well-defined herbal pharmacopoeias. Indeed, well into the twentieth century much of the pharmacology of scientific medicine was derived from the herbal lore of native peoples. Many drugs commonly used today are of herbal origin: one-quarter of the prescription drugs dispensed by community pharmacies in the United States contain at least one active ingredient derived from plant material ("Fields of Practice"). Twenty years ago, few physicians would have advised patients to take folic acid to prevent birth defects, vitamin E to promote a healthy heart, or vitamin C to bolster their immune systems. Yet today, doctor and patient alike know of the lifesaving benefits of these vitamins. Twenty years ago, acupuncture, guided imagery, and therapeutic touch were considered outright quackery. Now, however, in clinics and hospitals around the country, non-traditional therapies are gaining wider acceptance as testimonials and studies report success using them to treat such chronic maladies as back pain and arthritis. The number of people availing themselves of these alternative therapies is staggering. In 1991 about twenty-one million Americans made four hundred and twenty-five million visits to practitioners of these types of alternative medicine; more than the estimated three hundred and eighty-eight million visits made to general practitioners that year (Apostolides). The U.S. Department of Education has accredited more than twenty acupuncture schools and more than thirty medical schools now offer courses in acupuncture (Lombardo; Smith). As the number of Western medical institutions researching alternative therapies increases, the legitimacy of at least some alternative therapies will also increase.

Information Technology; How It Affects Our Lives

Along with the advancements of mankind, although some might disagree it is not technology, the telegraph became he telephone; the telephone became the cell-phone and; wired services became wireless (pallbearer, university of Phoenix, 2012). It Is a fascinating concept that a person can go to the far reaches of not just earth, but into space as well, and still we can share information with those aboard the International Space Station, or relay information to the Hubble Space Telescope, to look for certain objects in space.Personally I find it fascinating; the ability to communicate with friends and family around the world, the first words of a child, seen or heard through the use of audio r video devices. Technology, with all it has to offer, Is a key element to our future and the future of our children. It Is now possible through both audio and visual help, and the introduction of computers, students are learning at a somewhat more equal pace. Children at home, providing the home has one, using a computer or even a handheld device, are learning the alphabet and numbers at an earlier age.Albeit to say that even many video games the children play using this technology, helps to develop eye-hand coordination. Information shared between professionals In the deiced Industry, both current and previous physicians Is great as It can determine how a patient may recover from an illness, or colleagues can look over the same information and diagnose a patient. Technology and all its advancements are beneficial in the fields of medicine and science and help to save lives.Through personal observations and research material it is quite clear that many people have become or are becoming more dependent on the internet and information technology. We have a need to have contact every waking moment with our 964 friends online. We have the need to sit home with our children and explore the internet instead of the outside world. While Information Technology is a key element to our f uture, excessive time wasted can result in physical and mental health risks; as well harming us socially and economically.With the introduction of Information Technology, many people are finding themselves without Jobs to go to tomorrow. Economically speaking several major corporations are closing their doors, as there are many places one can access on the internet to purchase goods such as e-books; digital downloads of movies, music and television; one can even make use of purchasing their weekly groceries and having them all delivered to the doorstep. Information Technology, although useful in the field of education, has also had some major drawbacks.Students have gained a vast amount of knowledge from the internet, which if searched properly can help in the student's education. However what has happened is that ‘Plagiarism' has shown an increase over time as well. Instead of utilizing time wisely, many students are known to have done nothing on their essays but copy and pas te information someone else may have worked so hard to obtain to get a fair grade themselves(What is Plagiarism? , 2012)..Plagiarism is by far not the only form of theft that takes place in information technology either. Piracy involving illegal downloading of books, audio and video files has also increased over time. Many retailers have lost revenue due to little or no sales in the market for CDC, DVD's, and book sales. But here, some of that lost revenue stems from websites that offer downloads for a lesser cost, than it would be to drive to a local retailer. The worst part in theft of information in the technological aspect is the theft of personal information.Everything from a single credit card or bank account number to complete identities are stolen and sold on the black market and in vast quantities every day. People's lives are ruined. There is no trust in each other anymore. Worse yet, some of this stolen information might take place on a major scale. Without the proper up to date security software, TX Max had information stolen concerning numerous customer accounts. This not only created headaches for the consumer, but think how much it cost TX Max over time.They had to spend millions of dollars to first compensate the losses; design and implement a better security program; spend money in marketing, not only convincing existing consumers, but future customers as well, this breach of security would never happen again (Essentials of Management accomplished from the comfort of your favorite chair, sofa, or lying in bed, with devices such as a laptop, wireless keyboard (using your flat-screen TV as a monitor) or your cell phone.With the introduction of social websites, a hug is now a poke; pictures are sent via, again from the cell phone for the entire world to see and share. Writing letters and sending them to friends and relatives, also is impacting us negatively. Over-dependence on Information Technology, because of people's inactivity, can result in physical and mental health risks. Sitting at a computer desk an lead to serious health issues early in life with obesity listed as number one.Based upon 52 independent studies, there seems to be statistically, a relationship between body fatness and TV viewing among children and adolescents, due to the increase of sedentary leisure activities. With the increased usage of information and communication technologies, so has obesity in both adolescents and children, reached a new high over recent years. â€Å"This study confirms that the global epidemic of overweight and the use of new technologies may be related phenomena: weight tutus is associated with computer and possibly cell phone use (Lacunae, H. Seeks- Reawaken, A. , Plinking, L. , Rose, R. J. , Risen, A. , & Capri, J, 2007). † Other risks might include diabetes, high blood pressure, pinched nerves, and even atrophy of the muscles for lack of exercise. Spending too much time on the internet can result in too little sleep in both adults and teens. Mental health can deteriorate, even though we think we are learning something and gaining ground. By staying awake all hours into the night and depriving ourselves of needed sleep, it makes it virtually impossible to fully function the next day.Mentally, we can be affected also because most of the answers we search for, are given to us; again all with little to no effort, physically or mentally. â€Å"Using electronic devices before bedtime was common, with 60% on average overall watching TV, 39% using cell phones, 36% laptops or other computers, 21% phone, 8% video games, and 29% music devices. Devices meant to make life easier and more entertaining often make us sleepier, according to the latest poll by the National Sleep Foundation (Kathleen Doyen, 2011). † Having 964 friends on some social web site can only mean one thing.We are spending so much time trying to catch up on their updates, while researching that school paper; downloading the latest music; watching our favorite TV show; all the while depriving ourselves from a real hug and kiss; nodding off at the keyboard; and perhaps sooner than later; winding up in the hospital with a blood clot in the right leg before we have reached the age of 25. Although the Information Technology has many legitimate uses, many have become inactive due to excessive time wasted in front of the computer, on the phone, or sending texts via a mobile phone; therefore we should omit the time we spend in doing these things.Time periods should be assigned for all members of the household to eliminate health problems or mental distress. Take time off as a family and spend one or two days at the park or walking along the beach front if that is possible. If a Job's requirements are to sit all day in front of the computer screen, go outdoors during a lunch break or coffee break. Fresh air will do you good. It is nice to have opportunities to shop online, but by going out, you get fresh air; and wha tever it is you wish to purchase, by being up close and personal oh get to feel, see, and possibly hear it before you buy it.

When We Were Kings

When We Were faggots order by Leon Gast is a docu handstary slightly the boxer Muhammad Ali and the culture of drab pack. The medical specialty is utilize as one of the shipway to provide information for the interview almost what is happening within the film. The music helps the audience establish what it was like back in the 1970s. It alike shows African-American singers and how they are exalted of their heritage like BB King and crowd browned. The music also functions as a symbol to bemuse information across, for illustration The succuba. The documentary songs relate to the theme of racial relationships and African-American identity. Setting The film is batch in the 1970s within Zaire, Africa when Mobutu Sese Seko was in charge. It shows that the village life is very misfortunate and crowded as it was a second world country because it was still developing. thither were power struggles e. g. Belgian Congo and also Mobutu was ruthless as he killed 10% of the crim inals in Zaire. Even though this was either happening within the country the battalion of Africa were proud to be African.They showed this through the 3 day musical festival, where they had there handed-down singing and leaping. The film shows footages of the African children and women dancing to the tucker of the drum in their traditional clothing. During the 1970s it was an insult to call African-American people African, but when Muhammad Ali came to Africa he axiom how African people were proud of their heritage and that Africans and Americans divided similar loves for things like music.Ali so make he should be merry to be African and apart of this evoke impertinently way of life. The documentary depicts Ali to be the virtuoso in Zaire as he is seen as someone rest up for the African people. Similarities between Africans and African-Americans African-American people were seen unequal to white people. Their cordial status was seen as unworthy and down the stairs th e standards of white people. The musical performances, from jam Browns screaming, soul singing and dancing, to B. B. Kings sweat, smooth strumming on the Lucille, stimulate both the Africans and Americans who travelled there. The music fall in and influenced the people within Zaire to finder the fight between Muhammad Ali and George Foreman. Muhammad Ali started to realise that black and white people arent more different, they care and love similar things much(prenominal) as education and music, specifically, the drums. The drums provided a wiz of communication and rhythm between the twain different cultures.The drum was the oldest instrument that the Africans apply and now the African-American singers like James Brown uses it in his songs. it in his songs. Miriam Makeba mommy Africa Throught-out the film Miriam Makeba (Mama Africa) is singing the song Am Am Pondo. This is used to symbolise Succubus. Succubus is a women who has sexual intercourse with men in their sleep , until the tire out. This symbol was used since this is how Ali won agaist Foreman, as he permit Foreman hit him until he became exhausted and then he striked with one punched and knocked him out.George Plimpton tells the legend of the witch doctor who predicted that a women with vibe hands or a succubus in Zaire would take subscribe of George foreman and that he would not adopt the boxing match as the succubus will take all his potency and then bring Ali to victory. The filmmakers illustrate this by having Miriam Makeba perform the succubus. Everytime Foreman was shown on the documenty Miriam Makeba would be singing Am Am Pondo in the backgroud to indicate the Foreman does not lead in Africa and that he will get caught in Africas trap or being cursed by a female Succubus. African children and women dancing to the beat of the drum in their traditional clothing. During the 1970s it was an insult to call African-American people African, but when Muhammad Ali came to Africa he saw how African people were proud of their heritage and that Africans and Americans shared similar loves for things like music. Ali then realised he should be glad to be African and apart of this exciting new way of life. The documentary depicts Ali to be the Hero in Zaire as he is seen as someone standing up for the African people. The film is he