Diana Ecks Essay

Diana Eck’s works in Darsan: Seeing the Devine Image in India address a large number of the key components of the Hindu culture and conventions. Quite a bit of her composing manages the visual part of the religion, and how it is more about the otherworldliness as opposed to the real picture itself. Inside every section she hit on other significant subtleties inside in the Hinduism. Anyway this exposition will talk about the particular ideas, for example, journey to specific destinations, significance of the visual viewpoint, and how the development is a strict order in itself. Diana Eck’s exposition starts with the conversation of how Hinduism is a visual religion. Various occasions she clarifies how sight was a significant viewpoint in love and Darsan. In this segment she proceeds to clarify that the very expression of the Hindu religion is seeing is knowing. The general purpose of the darsan viewpoint is to see and be seen by the god, goddess or diate that lives in the sparkle. Moreover the eyes assume a key job in the love of divine beings. Through the eyes on can pick up endowments of the awesome. Anyway to get to the abodes of these divine beings isn't generally a basic outing to a nearby hallowed place. She starts to examine the journeys or excursions of numerous individuals so as to accomplish darsan at a particular spot. During this bit of the paper she discusses the excursions and commitment that a considerable lot of the Hindu supporters participate in. not exclusively individuals going for divine beings yet in addition living strict figures. For instance Ghandi was maybe the most lifted up living Hindu figure. Thousands would venture out just to get a brief look at him going trying to accomplish darsan. Towards the finish of her entry she clarifies the significance of the development of the pictures, and how every one was a strict control in itself. Later on in the entry she starts to clarify how the development of a sanctuary turns out to be a piece of the universe; and in its development the whole universe is modified. The very ground plan is a geometrical guide of their universe with the holy picture at its middle. A large number of the sanctuaries are models of sacrosanct mountains said to be the residences of the divine beings, and diates. From a bigger perspective the sanctuary are supposed to be pictures themselves. The development of the sanctuary offers proof to this. Eck clarifies that from the earliest starting point of the development to the end is a custom. My considerations on the section were that the creator had broad information on the Hindu works of art alongside its way of life and fantasies. Her association made it so every theme prompted each other, and furthermore expounds on pretty much every subject talked about. Then again I discovered one of her shortcomings was that the data got dull and made it hard to center all through a portion of the passages. A reasonable point anyway was the examinations between Christianity’s god and the Hindu divine beings. Commonly she thinks about the two saying an individual that rehearses the Hindu religion couldn't fathom the possibility of one omnipotent imperceptible god, and that it would likewise be hard for us to comprehend the significance of vision being a fundamental piece of the Hindu religion. This book has likewise given me that every single structure has a particular significance to the religion itself. Before I expected its greater part must be futile beautification, and that divine beings with more than eye really fill a need for in accomplishing darsan. I had consistently expected that it was simply adornment or something totally not quite the same as its genuine reason. In this exposition I have given a short synopsis of some the significant focuses in Diana Eck’s book Darsan: Seeing the Devine Image. These focuses incorporate significance of the visual parts of Hinduism, the custom practice before during and after in developing a hindu landmark, and what the reason for the journey is. I additionally have offered an individual input on the writer qualities and shortcomings, earlier sound system types and a few examinations that can be found inside the book. Generally speaking I saw the book as supportive in the way that it gave explicit explanations behind a large number of the embellishments and practices in the Hindu religion.

Conceptual Model of Dominos Pizza

Question: Examine about the Conceptual Model of Dominos Pizza. Answer: There are a few focuses in which the theoretical model can be handily depicted and those focuses are expressed underneath: Issues identified with wage: There is consistently a connection between the exhibition and the compensation of the workers that mirrors their fulfillment. Representatives are progressively disappointed towards their occupations when they don't get appropriate compensation as per their prerequisite and it is being discovered that the vast majority of the workers in Dominos leave the association when they are not happy with their pay (Sheehan, 2014). Dominos is confronting a few issues seeing worker turnover as these representatives most likely move to pizza hovel as they give their workers better wages and extra advantages. Consequently Dominos must ensure that they educate their HR division and solicit them to take care from their workers and must practice abundant meetings for representative maintenance (Tips on representative maintenance, 2008). Security Issue: Dominos must give showings that features the administration characteristics by leading a few police examination in the close by region and build up a crisis caution framework in the entirety of their outlets after the burglary episode has occurred (II. Calculated MODEL, 2013). It will additionally help to association to guarantee security for the representatives and for different staffs also. It likewise encourages the association to ensure that they meet all the legitimate responsibilities that is useful for the association and for the general population. Untrustworthy issue: The administrator of Dominos ought not utilize understudies from abroad as they need a worker than can work for over 20 hours consistently (Dejoie, Fowler, Paradice, 1991). Typically the director selects understudies to keep up the adaptability of the working time. It likewise encourages the administrator to sort out appropriate timetable and program. On the off chance that the administrator don't wish to change this methodology, at that point he should ensure that he utilizes more understudies with the goal that none of the representatives need to stay at work past 40 hours which will inevitably help a great deal for worker maintenance. References Dejoie, R., Fowler, G., Paradice, D. (1991).Ethical issues in data systems(1st ed.). Boston, MA: Boyd Fraser. Applied MODEL. (2013).Monographs Of The Society For Research In Child Development,78(6), 9-26. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mono.12061 Sheehan, N. (2014). Pizza, Pizza, Pizza: A Competitive Strategy Exercise.Organization Management Journal,11(1), 40-46. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15416518.2014.897928 Tips on worker maintenance. (2008) (first ed.). [Washington, D.C.].

The Early Applications

The Early Applications *Update as of 2015: Early action is available to both domestic and international students. Things are getting busy here at MIT Admissions! Yesterday, a student came in my office and said, Pink! Ive never seen so much pink! (This years application cover sheets are pink) There are many, many applications to be reviewed. I know some of you have been checking the Application Tracking System on MyMIT, and may be worried about documents that were sent before the deadline but have not yet appeared as received. DONT PANIC! We are still backed up in our Records Office, having received lots and lots (and lots and lots) of mail. (The Wall Street Journal today is reporting that our early applications are up 10%) We are working as quickly as possible to process all of this mail, and hope to be completely caught up within the next few days. In the meantime, we are only reading the most complete applications. So, if we are missing multiple parts of your application, we will continue to wait before reading your application. We will fully review every application prior to going to selection committee. If there are materials that are still missing, you can have those materials faxed to 617-258-8304. Please be patient, as materials take a day or two to process. Now, to get back to reading applications

History Of General Electric Company - 1709 Words

History of General Electric General Electric was founded by Thomas A. Edison in 1878 as the Edison Electric Light Company. In 1892 it merged with Thomson-Houston Electric Company to create General Electric as we know it today. The mission statement of General Electric is to work on things that matter. General Electric employees will reference this as GE Works. Strengths and Weaknesses A strength of General Electric as a company is the resources that they have working at the company. They have over 300,000 employees and they all come from different backgrounds. This helps the company be able to spread around the world, because they have employees from that come from all different countries around the world. According to information†¦show more content†¦General Electric’s next strength as a company is the amount of cash and liquid funds it currently has. According to the YCharts site, â€Å"General Electric currently has 137 billion in liquid funds† (YCharts, 2014). This is one of GE’s strengths as they are able to recruit and buy other companies with that money which also would be an opportunity for them. The cash on hand helps them out if there is another recession as General Electric would have that money to help counter any loss of profits and be able to inject that money into the company. One weaknesses of General Electric is the size of the company. It is a challenging task to manage a conglomerate. General Electric’s main business units are GE Aviation, GE Capital, GE Corporate, GE Energy Management, GE Appliances and Lighting, GE Healthcare, GE Power Water, GE Oil Gas, and Transportation. As you can see that is a wide variety of businesses. They all have their individual strengths and weaknesses also, but Jeff Immelt the CEO has to manage it as one giant company as General Electric. An action that General Electric can do to lower the risk of this weaknesses is getting rid of a business sections that hurt the company overall. These business units could still be very profitable, but if it hurts the overall vision of the company then action has to be taken. They can do this by either selling the business unit or spinning it off into its own business. Both of these actions

Essay about Garvey, Dubois and Pan Africanism - 1757 Words

Pan Africanism, in its fundamental definition, implores the black population to pursue self-dignity and self-determination in bettering their situation and becoming equal to the majority population; W.E.B. Dubois and Marcus Garvey, while both active Pan-Africanists in theory, have different goals and perspectives on the ways in which the racial problems should be approached. The central differences between Dubois and Garvey lie in their adolescent upbringings, and permeate through adulthood to form opinions about the history of colonialism and imperialism that separated society as a whole. In many ways, class structure ultimately shapes the views of a person towards themselves as well as society in general — as we compare and contrast†¦show more content†¦Garvey was born in Jamaica, poor and convinced that the country could do nothing for him academically or socially — this is when he decided to travel to the United states to seek newer opportunities. Dubois, h owever, was raised by middle class parents in Massachusetts, where he formed the belief that only hard work will cause success in ones’ life. He attended Fisk University and eventually Harvard, further reinforcing his beliefs that integration and hard work would be the only way to make it in that society. Garvey appealed to the masses, with his message of self-determination, despite socio-economic background. He stated himself, â€Å"†¦ I appeal for four hundred million Negroes of the world, and fifteen millions in America in particular,† and thus, he did attract a very large audience. Dubois, on the other hand, saw the wealthy and well educated as the epicenter of black prosperity and growth, and thus proclaimed that â€Å"from [educated blacks’] knowledge and experience, [they] would lead the mass.† Because of this overt separation in viewpoints of the lower class blacks, many are lead to believe that only Dubois exuded scrutiny of blacks in America. Dubois frequently declared that poor blacks were in their situations by their own accord, and made statements such as â€Å"wealth is the result of work and saving and the rich rightly inherited the earth. The poor, on theShow MoreRelatedPan Africanism : The Black Social, Intellectual, And Political Realities 1514 Words   |  7 PagesPan-Africanism Pan-Africanism signifies the difficulties of black social, intellectual, and political notions over a two hundred year span. What establishes Pan-Africanism, on the basic level, is the unity of Africans worldwide. Pan-Africanists believe that the African people in its entirety, which includes the Diaspora and the African continent, does not just share common beginnings but also a common destiny. (Asante, 1976, p. 97) This ideology of an intertwined past and future of all the AfricanRead MorePan Africanism For Beginners Essay1481 Words   |  6 PagesSid Lemelle hoped for his book, Pan-Africanism for Beginners, to be a comprehensive guide to the complex concept of Pan-Africanism. Lemelle begins the book by broadly defining Pan-Africanism to mean the inclusion of â€Å"all people of African ancestry living in continental Africa and throughout the world.† This definition sets the foundation for his analysis of Pan-Africanism. Pan-Africanism for Beginners explores the major leaders and events associated with Pan-African sentiments chronologically. TheRead MorePan Africanism1731 Words   |  7 PagesPan-Africanism and the Organization of African Unity      Pan Africanism Definition Pan-Africanism is a sociopolitical worldview, and philosophy, as well as a movement, which seeks to unify both native Africans and those of the African Diaspora, as part of a global African community.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Pan Africanism represents the aggregation of the historical, cultural, spiritual, artistic, scientific and philosophical legacies of Africans from past times to the present. Pan AfricanismRead MoreBlack Social, Intellectual, And Political Boundaries1904 Words   |  8 PagesPan-Africanism signifies the difficulties of black social, intellectual, and political notions over a two hundred year span. What establishes Pan-Africanism, on the basic level, is the unity of Africans worldwide. Pan-Africanists believe that the African people in its entirety, which includes the Diaspora and the African continent, does not just share common beginnings but also a common destiny. (Asante, 1976, p. 97) This ideology of an intertwined past and future of all the African people has howeverRead MoreCapitalism Is A System Of Economic Enterprise Based On Market Exchange1403 Words   |  6 Pagesculture. Black elites such as W.E.B Dubois, Marcus Garvey and Wal ter Rodney all appropriated strategies for black advancement. But despite such efforts all of their ideologies for black advancement differentiated in numerous ways. Dubois, Garvey and Rodney were the voices of the black movement around the world. For instance, W.E.B Dubois strongly believed that capitalism was the primary cause of racism. Dubois was a sociologist, historian, civil rights activist, and Pan-Africanist. He examined the geopoliticalRead MoreThe Slavery Of African Americans860 Words   |  4 Pageswar. 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Marcus Mosiah Garvey, Jr is his name. He was the youngestRead MorePan Africanism and Marcus Mosiah Garvey Jr. 1161 Words   |  5 PagesMarcus Mosiah Garvey, Jr was a Jamaican political leader who accomplished many things within his lifetime. He was a well-known publisher, entrepreneur, journalist, Black Nationalist, as well as Pan-Africanist. Pan Africanism is the idea that all African American people possess a common cultural legacy extending from Africa. In saying this, all African Americans should work together in maintaining the culture and removing expatriate power. Marcus Garvey was important because he aided in inspiringRead MoreDifferences Between Du Bois And Marcus Garvey1688 Words   |  7 Pages. Ideological and personal differences led to acrimonious debate between Du Bois and Marcus Garvey, a Black Nationalist leader who strove to construct through economic enterprise and mass education a unified empire of people of African descent. Du Bois also opposed Marcus Garvey whom he considered a demagogue, although they shared a commitment to Pan-Africanism and the liberation of Africa. Du Bois rejected many of Garvey’s policies and mounted a campaign to expose corruption and mismanagement ofRead MoreEuropean Colonization and African American Development943 Words   |  4 Pagesled to the depletion of soil. From the actions displayed and enacted by the British and French leaders, the conclusion can be drawn that modern imperialism and modern industrialism are one in the same system, and a root and branch of the same tree (DuBois, 2). Al though imperialism focuses on ruling over foreign territories, industrialism pinpoints an economic system built on forming industries, while either failing a financial system or taking advantage of the needs of people. Both methods had an equal

Social Justice Essay - 1862 Words

What is social justice and how does it relate to liberation theology? How do sin, love, grace, and human freedom affect social justice? What restricts freedom and social justice? And how does all of this play a role in the Kingdom of God? Social justice is a concept of a society in which every human being is treated justly, without discrimination based on financial status, race, gender, ethnicity, etc. Grace is a gift from God that we don’t deserve, which helps us choose the good, therefore it promotes social justice. On the other hand, sin, which can be regarded as a lack of love and care for â€Å"others,† distances us from social justice. Therefore, love and grace are essential aspects of social justice and without them there could be†¦show more content†¦For example, most laws promote an â€Å"eye-for-an-eye† type of legal system. This encourages people to retaliate or â€Å"get even† with others, which is seen so often in America’s lawsuit-happy citizens. This is obviously in contradiction to the ends of social justice, which promote love and brotherhood. Social justice is not an â€Å"us versus them† mentality; rather it is a â€Å"were in it together† mentality where the powerful and powerless work together. Obviously those who are in need are the poor and oppressed: women, African-Americans, Jews, Latin Americans, etc. However, due to the fact that these people are in these oppressive situations, they gain insight into the injustices that surround them specifically, and society in general. Although they are made poor by those in power and the structures, institutions, and organizations run by those in power, they still possess â€Å"strength to resist, capacity to understand their rights, [and the ability] to organize themselves and transform a subhuman situation (Boff, 1)†. The poor and oppressed are held above the rich and powerful, in other words are given preferential treatment. Due to their oppression in life,Show MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Social Justice And Inclusion916 Words   |  4 PagesIntro duction Social justice and inclusion have become important parts of the modern world, especially within the Scottish education system. They allow pupils to reach their full potential and to become fully integrated whilst at school, regardless of background or disability. However these terms are ever changing and require a lot of thought and determination to be fully fulfilled within schools. This paper will look at the importance of social justice and inclusion as well as considering differentRead MoreDiversity, Inclusion And Social Justice845 Words   |  4 PagesI find that the concepts of diversity, inclusion and social justice to be important because they build on each other and have the power to change the world. When all of these aspects work together and are acknowledged then we are able to work toward changing social norms and creating aspects in society that are focused on equity, rather than equality. Of course, social justice should be the goal that we as individuals want to achi eve in liberating areas of our that have limited and restrained othersRead MoreEducation And Social Justice Issues Essay1667 Words   |  7 PagesDuring my time at school the combination of education and social justice issues is a complex one. School is supposed to be a safe place for one to learn and grow, however with the increasing amount of inequalities within the school system there seems to be a growing divide between what we consider the â€Å"norm† and those we deem as the â€Å"other† (Kumashiro, 2000). The â€Å"other† is constantly pressured to conform to the norm of society, which is socially constructed (Sensoy and Di Angelo,2012) and this posesRead MoreThe Liberal Conception Of Social Justice941 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Justice ==========In a review of literature one finds a number of different, competing theories of social justice. At base, they all seem to address the notion of privilege, and what one is entitled to based on their conduct in society (for different reasons, depending on the theory). Some of the more prominent conceptions of distributive justice would be Liberal, Libertarian, Laissez-faire, regulated capitalism, and rejected capitalism. ==========The liberal conception of social justiceRead MoreIs Social Justice Really Exist?924 Words   |  4 PagesHulya Eker Education 364-02 Social Justice Is social justice really exist? 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Social justice leads to greater social welfare and social change. Social work also aims to help those who face various hardships. Situational, cultural, ethnic diversity and intellectual

Analysis of Canadian Apparel Industry for Pestel - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theAnalysis of Canadian Apparel Industry for Pestel Analysis. Answer: Political- Canada has a system of governance that is strong, based on a federal system. It has a parliamentary system that operates within a multiparty democracy. The Cabinet runs the government together with the Prime Minister who has the responsibility of appointing them. The country offers an environment that is stable for investors with the guarantee of continued peace in the long-term. Having a politically stable neighbor is also another plus for the country when marketing the country to investors. Economic- Canada is relatively wealthy as a nation. It is ranked highly amongst the top richest nations globally. Canada is has a strong trading economy and is a member of the G-8. More than 70% of its GDP is based on the service sector and is the biggest employer in the country (Statistics Canada, 2017). The US is the largest investor in the Canadian economy and enjoys strong economic integration with it. Social- The social perspective focuses on education, income and gender issues in the country. The average income for a family is above $60,000 and shows less disparity on income when compared to the US (Statistics Canada, 2017). Education is a right which is guaranteed and this has resulted in a population that is well educated. Women have lower incomes when compared to men.. The population is relatively young with the median age being between 25-50 years being the majority. Disposable income which is high encourages consumer spending in the country. Technological Canada is technological developed with regards to internet, telephone connections. Production in most sectors is based on technology which is innovative. This extends to the garment industry as well. Technological advances have positioned the country as one of the leading technical textile producers in the world. The use of e-commerce is also well developed in most sectors including the apparel industry. Environmental- There is a substantive department tasked with ensuring that the environment is protected in Canada. This includes resources such as water, flora and fauna as well as those which are renewable such as forests. The department leads compliance at the federal level and works in conjunction with provincial governments. Regulations that govern environmental standards for manufacturers are also set by the relevant department concerned. Legal- The country follows the legal system that is based on the governing law in the UK. The province of Quebec practices a different system for matters pertaining to law that is private in nature. The Supreme Court has final jurisdiction in all the legal matters in the country (Simeon Papillon, 2006). Having strong ties with the United Kingdom, decisions made by the House of the Lords are binding in Canada. There are minor exceptions as set out by the governing law. SWOT analysis Strengths- The industry is strong in manufacturing across clothing knitting mills and clothing accessories. The specialized technical textile is used in the defense, aerospace and transportation sectors. Strong home-grown companies that have global appeal are strength of the industry and reduce reliance of foreign brands dominating the market. Such companies include Lululemon and Guess, Inc (Milstein Co Consulting, 2008). The highly mechanized forms of production that reduce labor costs are strength of the apparel industry in Canada. Other strengths are in the design stages where the industry has shown strong innovation. The industry produces world class designs based on creativity and innovation which is functional. The manufacturing facilities are also superior and can compete with global players. Local production is flexible and fast and this is able to meet with demands of replenishments both locally and for the export market. Weakness- The industry has been shown to not have strong financial fundamentals and knowledge that is necessary for profitability. Most companies are unable to gain access to capital necessary for expansion from the banking industry. Being unable to identify segments which are profitable is the consequence of this shortcoming. Many companies have also been shown to have weal management structures in the industry. Weak marketing and sales capabilities are also prevalent within the industry and reduces global competitiveness. Another weakness is the issue of succession that faces most companies in the garment industry. Many are facing problems of who will take over the running of such companies in the next five to ten years. The lack of clarity in continuity also discourages potential investors in the industry. This creates the difficult situation of having long-term strategic plans. This situation is unhealthy in the short-term and impacts negatively its global competitiveness. Opportunities- The US market is an opportunity that the industry can focus on in order to consolidate its position. An increase of just 1% in market share could lead to offsetting the loss currently being experienced in the industry (Milstein Co Consulting, 2008). Exports to the US account for less than 1% and this creates to room to tap in this market. Similarity in markets makes it easy to have a unified approach to marketing. Overhead costs when selling to the US are less when compared to other markets. Another opportunity for the industry is to consolidate through mergers in order to face the global challenges that are arising. New models of manufacturing are possible when SME merge and consolidate their competencies locally and globally (Milstein Co Consulting, 2008). Specialization that is functional as well as targeting certain niches is an opportunity that the industry can capitalize on. Economies of scale through merging will lead to lean manufacturing that can compete on the global scale. Threats- The major changes that have resulted in increased globalization pose the greatest threat for the industry in Canada. Increased imports from low wage countries that offer cheaper imports have destabilized the dynamics of the local market. China in particular stands out as the one country that has increased exports to Canada and this has led to some companies folding up. Global brands with strong value chains are another threat to the local brands and limit their growth domestically. The threat of being taken over by the global brands is also a serious problem within the industry. References Milstein Co Consulting. (2008). A Canadian Approach to the Apparel Global Value Chain. Retrieved from https://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/026.nsf/vwapj/apparel-vetement-gvc-vms_eng.pdf/$file/apparel-vetement-gvc-vms_eng.pdf Simeon, R., Papillon, M. (2006). Canada. In MAJEED A., WATTS R., BROWN D., KINCAID J. (Eds.),Distribution of Powers and Responsibilities in Federal Countries(pp. 92-122). McGill-Queen's University Press. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt7zsgr.8 Statistics Canada. (2017). Report on the Demographics Situation in Canada. Retrieved from https://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/91-209-x/91-209-x2013001-eng.htm

The Unsuccessful Willy Loman Essay Example

The Unsuccessful Willy Loman Paper Fangmei Chen 20080100117 Class 05 Readings from 20th Century British and American Drama The Unsuccessful Willy Loman Willy,as a man of 63,is supposed to come to an age where everything should be settled down. However,he is still suffering in his job even before he commits suicide. His financial situation is unsecure. His wife has to repair her stockings instead of buying a new one. And he has to borrow money from his neigbour Charley,though he never returns them. What has led to Willy’s unsucess in life,and finally even the tragedy of killing himself,we may wonder. My personal opinion is that Willy’s own personality and his illison of success has caused the final unpleasant fact of being unsuccessful. PEOPLE’S OPINIONS Some critics say that this is due to the fierce competition of the society. He works all his life and when he gets old and becomes less productive,the society,represented by his boss Howard Wagner,still puts him on straight commission,and,when Willy asked for â€Å"not travel† on roads(61),he refused and fired him. We will write a custom essay sample on The Unsuccessful Willy Loman specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Unsuccessful Willy Loman specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Unsuccessful Willy Loman specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Even some pointed out that â€Å"Willy was a man who has worked all his life by the machinery of Democracy and Free Enterprise and was then spit mercilessly out, spent like a piece of fruit. †[1] Others say this is due to his blind belief in the American Dream. According to Matthew Warshauer, â€Å"Traditionally, Americans have sought to realise the American dream of success, fame and wealth through thrift and hard work. †[2] As for Willy,he has been on the road when he was only 19. He went through all the hustle and bustle all his life and still failed to success and get what he wants. In this case,he seems to be the victim of believing in the American Dream. But is it true? The answer will reveal itself later during the discovery of his personality. WILLY’S PERSONALITY When trying to find out more about Willy’s personalities,his job as a salesman can be regarded as an open sesame for us to know him. Old Dave is the man who makes an decisive influence on Willy when it comes to the moment of choosing his future career. From Willy’s remembrance of the past,Dave Singleman is a man of 84 who can sit in his room and pick up a phone and then make money. And also, â€Å"he died the death of a salesman,in his green velvet slippers in the smoker of the New York† and â€Å"hundreds of salesman and buyers were at his funeral. †(63)Because of the seemingly comfort and respect of this job,Willy made a final conclusion that salesman was what he wanted to be. Just simply seeing Old Dave’s success and then trying to make himself a salesman indicates Willy’s lack of self-reflection as a part of his personality. Firstly,Willy is different from Old Dave. Dave Singleman doesnt have a family and seems to enjoy his lifestyle as being alone(indicated byâ€Å"Singleman†) and being a salesman. He knows better of himself than Willy of what he is doing and is doing it successfully. Willy,however,deep in his heart,is in great need of love. In the flashback of the love affair in Boston,Willy said that â€Å" ‘Cause I get so lonely-especially when bussiness is bad and there is nobody to talk to. †(173) He can’t bear the loneliness of leaving his family and travelling on roads all the time while this is what a salesman’s job demands for. How can a person who can’t adapt himself well to his job be a successful person,or at least a happy person? We can see more details about how he feels about his job and find out how his own personality has an effect on his job,which is a failure in most degree. Sometimes he thinks lowly of himself and doing self-accusation. As he said to Linda, â€Å"My God,if businses don’t pick up I don’t know what I’m gonna do! † â€Å"I gotta be at it ten,twelve hours a day. Other menI don’t know they do it easier. I dont know whyI can’t stop myself—I talk too much. † â€Å"I’m fat. I’m very-foolish to look at. †(172) Although a salesman is supposed to be self-confident most of the time, Willy seems to lack self-confidence to assure himself. And that won’t help him with his selling work at all. He is also very mercurial about himself. He can feel upset about himself at one moment and turns to be very ambitious at the next moment,and vice versa. At scene I,he once said,â€Å"Oh,I’ll knock ‘em dead next week. I’ll go to Harford. I’m very well liked in Hartford. You know,the trouble is,Linda,people don’t seem to take to me. †(171) From what have been analyzed above,we know that Willy is inadequate for a salesman’s job. And his personality of being lack of confience contributes largely to that. Sometimes he seems to know that he oesn’t do his job well. â€Å"I get the feeling that I’ll never see anything again,that I won’t make a living for you, or a business,a business for the boys. †(173)Meanwhile,in the next line,he reveals his great ambitions: â€Å" There’s so much I want to make for—† . (173)And this is also mentione d before his flashback, â€Å" Someday I’ll have my own business,and I’ll never have to leave home any more. †(166) However,he makes himself feel like that he is doing a good job. When Linda asked if he had sold anything,at first he said, â€Å" I did five hundred gross in Providence and seven hundred gross in Boston. That number finally cut to a total number of seventy dollars and some pennies by the insistent questioning of Linda. In this way,he seems to cheat himself for feeling better. Finally,when Charley wanted to offer Willy another job as a solution to support his family,Willy refused. He is of too high self-esteem to receive it. In this way,he cuts out a way to survive himself in the competitive society. So,society shouldn’t be to blame in Willy’s tragedy. WILLY’S ILLUSION OF SUCCESS Willy’s view of success can be indicated in the case of Old Dave and later of the play. He believes that â€Å"to be well-liked is the means to being successful. † Not only he hinself believes in this motto,but he also teaches his son Biff following his concept. When Biff was a football star in high school with three scholarships to three universities,Willy thought his son had been successful. And it didnt matter even if he didnt work hard on his math and failed the exam. Actually, â€Å"Willy’s strong desire to be well-liked is what drove him to have an affair in Boston. The fact that she would go to bed with him promoted his ego after a hard day of being turned away by buyers. [3] Actually,Willy is the one who knows his own â€Å"dream of success† and sticks to it strictly and overactively. He totally involves himself in the illusion of success. We may find that Willy seems to be exceptionally proud of a ceiling that he had installed in the living room. It was a task that the successful Charley could not perform. †Still in scene I,Willy and Charley have this talk: WILLY:Did you see the ceiling I put up in the living-room? CHARLEY:Yeah,that’s a piece of work. To put up a ceiling is a mystery to me. (178) Willy is good at the carpenter job and he likes it but he wouldn’t admit. When Biff suggested him for being a carpenter, he said ,â€Å"Your grandfather was better than a carpenter. † Biff,in the process of finding himself,confesses to himself that he doesn’t like life in the prosperous east and would rather enjoy a more primitive life in the west. While Biff is more aware of his own willingness, illusion of success again gets in the way of Willy’s happiness. Willy’s wish is to â€Å"get rich quick† like his brother Ben,who,according to Willy’s memory,describes himself as, â€Å"when I was seventeen I walked into the jungle,and when I was twenty-one I walked out. And by God I was rich. †(182)Willy doesnt care about how his brother made his money as far as his being rich has already fulfilled his illusion of success. In the end, he â€Å"sells† his life for a twenty-thousand-dollar insurance policy in order to stake his sons fortune. As analysed by Paul Rosefeldt,â€Å"His death becomes merely another ‘get rich quick’ scheme. Charley and Bernard, Willys neighbors, prove that success can be achieved, but for Willy Loman, who has absorbed too many American Dreams, the system inevitably becomes destructive. [4]The way Willy persuits his success is as the way of flying moth rushes towards fire,which brings destruction upon himself. CONCLUSION Willy’s unsuccess is due to his own personality and his illision of success. The competitive society still offers him opportunity as presented by Charley and his belief in the American Dream has become obsessive. The illision scheme of success carries him far away from the ro ad of success and even promotes his death in order that his son could success in the way he wishes. This unsuccessful image of Willy did leave for us many thoughts and force us to review the definition of success. REFERENCES: [1]website:Homework Online Study Guide http://www. homework-online. com/doas/discussion. html [2] Matthew Warshauer,Who Wants to Be a Millionaire:  Changing Conceptions of the American Dream, http://www. americansc. org. uk/Online/American_Dream. htm [3] The Bellmore-Merrick Central High School District:English Resources: http://www. bellmore-merrick. k12. ny. us/death. html [4]Paul Rosefeldt ;Magill’s Survey of American Literature, Revised Edition  © 2007 by Salem Press, Inc

A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF SPEECH ACTS IN THE GENRE HOROSCOPE Essay Example

A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF SPEECH ACTS IN THE GENRE HOROSCOPE Essay Example A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF SPEECH ACTS IN THE GENRE HOROSCOPE Paper A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF SPEECH ACTS IN THE GENRE HOROSCOPE Paper A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF SPEECH ACTS IN THE GENRE HOROSCOPEI Gabriela BUENO SANTOS 1. Introduction In attempting to express themselves, people do not only produce utterances containing grammatical structures and words, they perform actions via those utterances. (Yule, 1996). That means that when we use language we are not only speaking, telling, saying or writing something. We are also apologizing, complaining, complimenting, inviting, promising or requesting. Speech acts are the actions performed via utterances (e. . apology, complaint, compliment, invitation, promise, equest) and speech events are the circumstances in which these utterances take place. As mentioned before, when we write something we are not only writing, we have a purpose behind that writing and expect that writing to have a certain effect on the readers. Therefore, we can assume that genres do something. What do horoscopes do, for example? This question will be answered in the results and discussion section. And wh y analyze horoscopes? The choice for this genre was made considering three reasons: presence in history, presence in the western media, and lack of research in the linguistic field. During my TFG research and analysis I found out that horoscopes have been present in the history of mankind for about 4 thousand years and have influenced the behavior and actions of powerful men and women, regulating their behavior. I also discovered that seventy millions of Americans start the day reading their horoscopes in the newspaper, which was the first type of media to publish horoscope columns, in 1930. And finally, I have decided to analyze this genre due to the fact that there are no analyses of the genre horoscope in the linguistic field published until now. 2. Methodology A corpus of 15 horoscopes for the sign of Aries (my sign) was taken from 5 magazines, 5 newspapers and 5 websites that contain a horoscope or astrology section. These predictions are daily, weekly or monthly, depending on the kind of media and its frequency of publication. This represents half of the original corpus of my TFG. The chosen magazines, newspapers and websites were: MAGAZINES: Fitness, cosmo Girl, ELLE, -reen vogue and Mane Claire. NEWSPAPERS: LA Times, Daily News, NY Post, Washington Post, Chicago Tribune. WEBSITES: www. astrology-online. com , wrww. tarot. com, wrww. astro. com, wrww. strocenter. com, www. horoscope. com In this analysis I tried to identify the illocutionary acts or forces (functions) present in horoscopes and also classified the speech acts. To do so, I based my work on Yules chapter 6 of Pragmatics. . Results and discussion 1 speecn acts According to an analysis previously made by myself for my TFG, three steps are found in horoscopes: MOVEI Giving advice, MOVE 2 Analyzing present state of affairs and MOVE 3 Making predictions. For this present analysis, I analyzed the horoscopes again and confirmed that horoscopes advise, analyze and predict. Here are some examples of the speech acts found: ADVICE: Accept that you may face challenges, so that you can better deal with th em as they come. [Teen Vogue] Gain clarity by taking five minutes to meditate on yourself and what it is you want to change in the coming weeks. [Teen Vogue] No one expects you to be perfect, so why expect it of yourself? [NY Post] You should be making plans to spend some time with the ones you love. [astrology-online. com] ANALYSIS: Youve a sense that your destiny has already been determined, and it has by you. LA Times] Love: Real love is unconditional, like the love for a child or a family member. Daily News] But this is not selfishness on your part, for you are quite capable of being generous and giving to others. You are more openly affectionate than usual and feel real love for the people around you. It is Just that this aspect of your life love, affection and pleasure is more important to you now than work. [astro. com] Youre in Just the right frame of mind for this. Your business sense is at an all-time high, as is your ability to focus on whatever task is at hand. Intui tion plays a strong role. astrocenter. com] PREDICTION: This week will be a trying one. Teen Vogue] Setting these intentions will be helpful. [Teen Vogue] At some stage today you will realize that you have wasted too much time on a project that isnt going to work. [NY Post] Week ahead: You will want to run your own race, but its more productive to be a team player. [Daily News] 3. 2 Locutionary acts, illocutionary acts and perlocutionary acts. According to Yule (1996), the locutionary act is the basic act of utterance or producing a meaningful linguistic expression. Therefore, in horoscopes, we can say that this act happens hen the author of horoscopes is writing them. However, this author is not writing a horoscope Just for the sake of it, he or she has a purpose in producing it. According to Yule (1996), this is the second dimension, the illocutionary act. For horoscopes, writers utter to predict, analyze and advise. However, are readers of horoscopes aware of the illocutionary acts of this genre and the way it can manipulate their behavior? Probably not. The perlocutionary act, which is the effect caused by horoscopes, could not be perceived since we do not know if horoscopes readers ctually believe or follow the instructions given by them. . 3 Speech acts classification According to Yule (IYYO), tnere are Tlve types 0T general Tunctlons perTormea Dy speech acts. They are declarations, representatives, expressives, directives and commissives. In the genre horoscopes, two of these types were found: representatives and directives. Here are some examples: REPRESENTATIVES: YouVe been running too fast for too long! The full moon in Capricorn on the 1 8th means you question how you balance your life. You often oscillate between both ends of the spectrum youre either all work, r all play. If theres any sign out there thats innately equipped to handle conflict, its yours. Youd never admit it, of course, but deep down you actually enjoy it the thrill and the rush of adrenaline that battle conjures up, that is. DIRECTIVES: Gently press for more information. Accept that you may face challenges, so that you can better deal with them as they come. Fighting against how you are feeling will only make the process of moving on more difficult. Gain clarity by taking five minutes to meditate on yourself and what it is you want to change in the coming weeks. During your morning walk, think about how to find a middle ground. 4. Conclusion As a conclusion, we can affirm that a horoscope is a genre that has as an underlying function: to condition and influence behavior of its readers. Through its advices, analyses and predictions it suggests what the reader should do, makes him or her believe that something is happening in their lives or that they are feeling in a certain way; and makes people believe the things will happen. The locutionary and illocutionary acts of horoscopes are clearly identifiable. However, we do not know the erlocotionary act of horoscopes because we cannot see if the readers actually do as the horoscopes tell them and really believe them. 4. 1 Pedagogical implications for ELT The genre horoscope is very popular and widespread, so I believe it is a very interesting genre to be used in English classes. Most students are familiar this genre and, even if they do not believe horoscopes, they have a certain curiosity to know what is said about them. Therefore, it is a genre that generates some enthusiasm in the students and may promote discussion. I believe the kind analysis done in this aper is interesting and useful because reveals some aspects of horoscopes that teachers and students are probably not aware of. It can also be an interesting tool for teachers when teaching this genre or planning a genre based class. The identification of speech acts can help teachers when teaching the simple future (predictions), modals (advices) and simple present and present continuous (analyses). This analysis can also promote a more critical reading of horoscopes by the students and, therefore, help in the formation of critical subjects. ReTerences Yule, G. (1996) Pragmatics. London: Longman

Business Of The Resale Stores Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 12000 words

Business Of The Resale Stores - Dissertation Example Once this has been done, we will be doing a market segmentation to target our potential customers. Once this has been done, we will design the various strategies required to influence the customers. A detailed plan of how the organization work towards the achievement of its strategic goals and objectives is the operational plan for the business. It provides a clear picture of how the people, teams and the departments of the organizations are collectively working together or the purpose of the business. Finance or the starting capital is the most important thing without which no business can start. Finance is the combination of the acquiring, allocation and the proper management of funds that will actually combine to help in the fulfillment of any business. The financial plan helps the managers to go about with the entire project. It shows the managers and helps them in identifying the different sources of capital and how it can be collected and allocated so that the business may be conducted in a proper fashion. It helps the company to identify the different sources of the capital and how these sources can be properly utilized to actually formulate the business. It also helps in designing and defining the exact way in which the money should be allotted so that the business will be able to breakeven faster and would be successful. In recent times due to the impact of the recession and the inflation on a worldwide basis the consignment shop or resale store is a one-stop solution to all the buyer-seller problems. This is because initially a consignment store or a resale shop is actually a resale business which involves three parties. They are the goods owner or the consignor, the consignee or the seller and the buyer of the resold goods the customer. Goods that are resold or consigned generally are clothes, luxury items, and antiques.

Exploring an Object Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Exploring an Object - Essay Example Description: My grandfather’s weapon is a doubled barreled, semi-automatic CZ-USA Sporting Shotgun, which uses â€Å"ammunition of 12 or 20 gauges† and best suited for hunting, which is one of his most favorite hobbies (CZ-USA Shotguns 17). It is capable of firing both lead as well as steel pellets. With walnut wood gunstock and fore end, and â€Å"checkering† on its â€Å"gripping surfaces, it acquires a sleek outlook. The components of the â€Å"barreled action† are prepared in â€Å"construction steel† with the protection of â€Å"alkaline oxidation† on the surface (17). Its comfortable grip enables it to be balanced in both hands and it is easy to aim and shoot. Besides, the weapon facilitates best results even on the occasions of instinctive firing. Similarly, its trigger pull weight is low, and it possesses a high accuracy of fire, apart from having a â€Å"long service life and â€Å"high reliability† (17). The brown wood with a silver patch and the metallic steel barrels offer it an elegant look and render it a remarkable grace. (Image Source: CZ USA Shotguns 17) Formal Analysis: While normally people perceive a gun as merely a weapon, the fact remains that it connotes to concepts far beyond notions of an object of destruction. It represents class and power as well as emulates the emotion of pride in the person who possesses the equipment. Therefore, makers of gun pay meticulous attention in its design and visual appeal. The design of my grandfather’s shotgun illustrates these concepts and much beyond. Its whole structure and design inspires awe in the beholders’ eyes and the elongated barrel offers an impression of its muzzle power. The firearm’s heel is broader, which tapers down to its toe to a slightly pointed shape. Similarly, the stock is designed with a sharp slant upwards to the grip, while the grip is shaped to offer maximum comfort to the shooter when firing from the weapo n. In addition, the checkered design on the grip offers it great charm in close up besides providing extra firmness to the hold while gripping the weapon. The fore-end is also made in brown walnut wood, with the same checkered texture as in the case of the grip, to offer better hold on the weapon while firing from it. The magazine loading port is rendered in silver color, thus providing a contrast with the brown stock and base of the magazine tube. Similarly, the barrel done in metallic steel also compliments the color and appearance in full alignment with the stock and fore-end. The upper barrel is lined with steel grids, which give its design a three dimensional effect apart from providing it more sleekness. Further the elongated and rather narrow barrel best fits the athletic appeal of a sporting gun as well as renders it uniqueness from similar weapons. This object falls in the category of functional art, which envisages the concept that a piece of functional art is beautiful be cause of its â€Å"exquisite functionality† (Cairo xx). Thus, it can be construed that since the weapon serves a purpose and has functionality as a firearm, it needs to be categorized as functional art. Similarly, Cairo (2013) further clarifies that the ability to visualize is a tool and, therefore, functional art is a device, the aim of which is to â€Å"help an audience complete certain tasks† (23). Thus, it transpires that an object that serves a purpose falls in the cate

Reflective Report on Mega Simulation Game

Reflective Report on Mega Simulation Game EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The report is about a 12-week critical evaluation about my experience of the Mega Simulation Game that I was to execute with other four group members. The exercise requires identifying the primary reflective theories that will be used for reflective learning. In my case, I used Lawrence-Wilkes REFLECT and Gibbs Reflective Model. I used these two models to enumerate on two incidences in the group work experience, which were related to interpersonal dynamics, and personal performance in-group work. The interpersonal dynamics such as personality clashes, different cultural values, and personal interests acted as a hindrance to communication and collaboration. However, the commitment of the team was very high and this kept the team going. The second incidence was on personal performance where the group leveraged on individual strengths and delegated tasks. The delegation of tasks was fruitful but the end product was not due to personal interests overriding the group interests. I learnt t he need for effective communication, the power of leadership and the need to accommodate varied opinions. Introduction Reflection has numerous meaning that includes self-review, self-awareness, self-criticism, self-appraisal, self-assessment, personal cognizance and other terms that are related to these terms. Boyd and Fales (1983) defined reflection learning as the process of externally examining and exploring an issue of concern, triggered by an experience, which creates and clarifies meaning in terms of self and which results in a changed conceptual perceptive. The definition brings out key important issues in reflective learning: there needs to be an issue that is examined, meaning of the issue must be derived and lastly the meaning should improve the perspective of the individual in a similar situation in the future. In this reflection paper, I will pursue two types of reflection: interpersonal dynamics and performance of the members of the groups. Teamwork is used everywhere from class settings to organizations and even communities to accomplish tasks that require collaboration, brainstorming and synergy. The primary objective of a team is delegation of responsibility and development of a proper plan for the completion of a goal (Hughes and Jones, 2011). The interpersonal dynamics is about how people use nonverbal cues such as facial expressions and body language to complement verbal communication in on-on-one interactions. The reason I decided to discuss interpersonal dynamics is because I saw the group as a cross-functional one rather than a functional one. The reasons I think the group was cross-functional was that all the members in the group were specializing on different careers and also we had never worked together as a team. The simulation game was a onetime project where the group would be dissolved after its completion. Parker (2015) noted that cross functional teams were more susceptible to interpersonal barriers such as cultural biases, work styles, turf wars, conflicts, lack of trust, and differing priorities. Some of these things played out during our game simulation task. The second area that I am going to explore is performance of members in the group. I felt this is an area worthy of exploitation as the different members had a different level of performance towards contributing to the success of the group. It is impossible to separate team performance from individual performance because the former depends on the latter. Individual standards comprise of the performance expectations that each team member expresses as personal pressure to achieve (Larson and LaFasto, 1999). I specifically noted that I put a lot of effort together with another member in the teamwork, which stimulated others to perform better, but sometimes it was not sufficient enough to reach our desired goals. I will employ the Gibbs Reflective Cycle (1988) and Lawrence-Wilkes REFLECT model (2014) to critically reflect on the two MSG experiences. I used Gibbs reflective model because it is a simple model to use and provides questions that I have to answer in a particular order. Just like the Gibbs model, Lawrence-Wilkes REFLECT model uses a simple concept of reflection making it easy for the user to apply it. The model uses a bacronym (an acronym devised in reverse to fit a word) on the word REFLECT. I will not be using the Honey and Munfords learning style as it is too simplistic in its steps to allow me to critically reflect on my experiences. Gibbs reflective model is a useful tool in reflection as it provides critical phases of an experience from what one experienced to how they would make changes and respond better in subsequent events. The different phases include description, feelings, evaluation, analysis, conclusion, and action plan. Below is the Gibbs reflective cycle with the relevant questions that need to be answered for each phase Figure 1 (Gibbs, 1988) Gibbs reflective model directly fits to the happenings of the group. In my reflection, I was first wondering why there was no sense of cohesion in the group when we started. The opinions were so diverse and the commitments were so dissimilar. I was feeling that personal priorities and interest were coming in the way of cooperative approach. Most of the group members, including I felt distraught and disillusioned by the progress of the group in the initial weeks due to the lack of organization and poor ranking. We did not have a leader who would inspire us through the disillusionment. In the Tuckmans stages, the group dwelled so much in the forming stage where the group members were getting to know each other and there was general socializing (Martin, 2006). Lawrence-Wilkes -REFLECT model (2014) comprises of steps that are almost similar to that of Gibbs reflective cycle but it goes to a deeper level to analyze elements such as strengths and weaknesses, reference to external checks, looking at the responsibilities and asking the what if question. The model examines more details that not only assist in reviewing past experiences but also learning from them and integrating new ideas to enable change. The model requires reviewing of experiences from both objective and subjective angles. Below is the REFLECT barconym used in the model. Table 1 (Lawrence-Wilkes and Ashmore, 2014)   Ã‚   Lawrence-Wilkes REFLECT model of Reflective Practice R 1. Reflect Look back, review and ensure intense experiences are reviewed cold (subjective and objective). E 2. Evaluate What happened? What was important? (Subjective and objective) F 3. Focus Who, what, where, etc. Roles, responsibilities, etc. (Mostly objective) L 4. Learn Question: why, reasons, perspectives, feelings? Refer to external checks. (Subjective and objective) E 5. Evaluate Causes, outcomes, strengths, weaknesses, feelings use metacognition. (Subjective and objective) C 6. Consider Assess options, need/possibilities for change? Development needs? What if? scenarios? Refer to external checks. (Mostly objective) T 7. Trial Integrate new ideas, experiment, take action, and make change. (Repeat cycle: Recall) Incident 1: My group was comprised of five members that are evidently from different cultural backgrounds and also hold diverse views and values. I noticed due to the diversity in the group, there was no effective communication and there were issues when it came to sense of responsibility.   The first incident was our groups inability to operate cohesively due to differences in personality and cultural values. My previous encounter with the topic of diversity is that it (diversity) can lead to team effectiveness and innovation (West, 2012). But on the contrary, the initial weeks of our groups was faced with communication challenges as we worked together. Initially, I thought that the reason for the incongruity was that the exercise was new to everyone and no one had substantive information on how to go about the exercise. Everyone in the group was in constant search of what is expected of the exercise. The disappointment was evident in week 3 due to the poor ranking, which left everyone demotivated. Waller, Gupta and Giambatista (2004) noted that lack of effective communication leads to deviation from attaining team goals. We got confused on what were our desired goals. Despite the miscommunication, the group was able to function as there were elements that were consistent with structuration theory on how groups use rules and resources to form its structure (Frey, Gouran and Poole, 1999). Our group was held together by the weekly meeting that were mandatory and I believe were it not for the rules, the team functioning would have been impaired. I must applaud my group because irrespective of the communication barriers, the group was able to hold on and try to overcome these barriers. The attendance of the meetings was satisfactory as there was minimal absenteeism, which was accompanied by apologies and genuine reasons such as illness or class time. In my assessment, the general theme of the group according to Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) was feelers instead if thinkers. Feelers judge situations based on feelings or emotions while thinkers judge situations based on logical analysis (Quenk, 2013). Most of the choices that were made such as marketing for image cars were based on personal emotions, which lead to disregard of facts and information. I must admit despite the personality clash in the group; all the group members were committed to accomplishing the task successfully. The commitment even inspired us on meeting twice a week to try and better our ranking and get a better grip of the whole game simulation concept. Personally, I was not thinking about how to bridge the miscommunication gap or clashing personalities but on the task at hand and this was also the general trend in the group. Even up to the end of the exercise in the 12th week, we communicated but we never did so effectively. The ranking of the group improved over time even though it did not reach the desired goal. Upon critical review at the end of the exercise, I could only make sense of the group performance through the self-organization theory. The theory postulates that order can arise from a disordered system due to interactions of distinct parts of the system. The incidence on interpersonal dynamics, especially the personality clashes and miscommunication between the group members, helped me to develop transferable skills to do with closing ranks when it comes to personality and cultural differences. The group would have attained a better rank if we resolved the disillusionment in the early stages of teaming as this would have gone a long way in working harmoniously (Searle and Swartz, 2015). I also saw the fruits of commitment as the members were able to perform regardless of the cohesion problems. Incident 2 The second incident was related to the individual performances and their contribution to the overall group performance. Personally, I believe am a natural leader who takes the mantle of leadership in any situation. I believe that one does not need to be appointed formally to take the leadership role but can take the steering wheel from any position. I subscribe to the relationship-oriented leadership model where the leader is more focused on the human resources than the task at hand. I would motivate the members of the group by telling them how the assignment was important and how we should all be committed towards improving our ranking. The group needed a small dose of external motivation to keep them going and energized (Beagle, 2012). When I was motivating and inspiring the team, I found the motivator in me, which was essential in keeping myself going and also the group. I noticed that a team produced synergy and a better output than an individual but it is the latter that contributes to the results of the former. Despite the shaky start, we realized that we need to use our individual strengths for team success (Graham et al., 2012). At different points of the assignment, we had to assign and delegate duties and cover ground on the different actions that needed to be taken. We tried to leverage on the strengths of the individual members as much as possible. The use of individual strengths to delegate tasks did not work effectively as I expected as the third phase of Fishers Theory of Decision Emergence was not adhered to. The third phase is the emergence phase where an individual needs to soften on their stance and let the interest of the team prevail over personal interests (Littlejohn, Foss and Oetzel, 2016). In some situations, we had to go with individual opinions instead of consensus, which did not work well for the team. In the future, I would advocate for more compromise and consensus instead of personal opinions as the latter risks being biased and non-inclusive. I learnt that anyone can be a situational leader if they wanted to make a difference amidst uncertainty and anyone can lead from any position (Alizor, 2013).   I saw the importance of delegating duties as it covered more ground but it needs better coordination to achieve a common goal. I believe my strength and individual contribution was leadership and motivation. Conclusion I appreciate the experience as it was an eye-opener especially on different aspects of group tasks. I understood how group dynamics can work against the success of a team and they need to be identified and dealt with at the early stages of an assignment.   For instance, team members need to understand each others values and culture, and accommodate them. Understanding each other is the first step of breaking the communication barrier. I appreciated the importance of effective communication, which our group lacked, eventually leading to poor coordination and cooperation. I must admit that the strength of our group lied in commitment more than anything else. After communication, personal interest was the other weakness. I learnt the need to let other team members speak their mind, brainstorming and softening individual stance for the good of the team. I was a culprit myself of holding strong stances, sometimes unconsciously, on some of the issues. Looking back at the exercise, I acknowledge that for better interpersonal reactions, the parties need self-awareness. Lastly, I appreciated the power of leadership in motivating and inspiring team members towards tasks accomplishment. References      Ã‚   Alizor, J. (2013). Leadership: Understanding Theory, Style, Practice: Things You Need to Know about Leading an Organization. 1st ed. Bloomington, IN: WestBow Press. Beagle, M. (2012). The Rock: Motivational Leadership: A Leaders Perspective On Inspiring Others While Finding the Motivator in You. 1st ed. Bloomington: iUniverse, Inc. Boyd, E. and Fales, A. (1983). Reflective Learning: Key to Learning from Experience. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 23(2), pp.99-117. Frey, L., Gouran, D. and Poole, M. (1999). The handbook of group communication theory and research. 1st ed. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications. Gibbs, G. (1988). Learning by doing: A guide to teaching and learning methods. 1st ed. [London]: FEU. Graham, S., Emery, S., Hall, R., Blanchard, K., Huntsman, J., Lennick, D., Kiel, F. and Jordan, K. (2012). Leading Teams with Integrity: Advice from Leadership Experts. 1st ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: FT Press. Hughes, R. and Jones, S. (2011). Developing and assessing college student teamwork skills. New Directions for Institutional Research, 2011(149), pp.53-64. Larson, C. and LaFasto, F. (1999). Teamwork. 1st ed. Newbury Park (Calif.): Sage Publ. Lawrence-Wilkes, L. and Ashmore, L. (2014). The reflective practitioner in professional education. 1st ed. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Littlejohn, S., Foss, K. and Oetzel, J. (2016). Theories of Human Communication. 11th ed. Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press, Inc. Martin, B. (2006). Outdoor leadership: Theory and Practice. 1st ed. Windsor, ON: Human Kinetics. Parker, G. (2015). Cross- Functional Teams: Working with Allies, Enemies, and Other Strangers. 1st ed. San Francisco, Calif.: Jossey-Bass. Quenk, N. (2013). Essentials of myers-briggs type indicator assessment. 1st ed. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Searle, M. and Swartz, M. (2015). Teacher Teamwork: How do we make it work?. 1st ed. New York: Association for Supervision Curriculum Development. Waller, M., Gupta, N. and Giambatista, R. (2004). Effects of Adaptive Behaviors and Shared Mental Models on Control Crew Performance. Management Science, 50(11), pp.1534-1544. West, M. (2012). Effective Teamwork: Practical Lessons from Organizational Research. 1st ed. Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley and Sons. Theories Used 1. Gibbs Reflective Model (1988) 2. Lawrence Wilkes REFLECTION (2014) 3. Tuckman Stages of Group Development (1965) 4. Structuration Theory 5. Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) (1956) 6. Self-Organization Theory 7. Relationship-Oriented Leadership Model 8. Situational Leadership Model 9. Fishers Theory of Decision Emergence Appendices Logbook Week No./date of meeting(s) Action point(s) Team member/time of arrival/leave Potentially areas that every member worked on State of team / work in progress Week 2 (3th October 2016) Get all members of group together and sign learning contract Structuring what must be done for next meeting a)George Iashvili -11am b)Claudia Borges-11am c)Carlos Chalhoub-11am d)Cagri Ozecoglu-11am e) Ilya Ignatov-11am (All left same time as class was finished) There was no game simulation this week so no work to be done as a group yet Learning Contract signed and we got all group members now. Week 3-First Meeting on Gaming Simulation (14 October 2016) 1.Speak about steps we needed to take for the game and whether we all watched the video and read the game manual. 2.Start to look at game excel sheet. 3.Making sure all members had put their name in the game simulation. a)George Iashvili-1pm b)Claudia Borges-1pm c)Carlos Chalhoub-1pm d)Cagri Ozecoglu-1pm e) Ilya Ignatov-1pm -All members that attended looked at each section of the decision sheet together and made decisions as a group. Task completed-all the members looked at the decision document and discussed on WhatsApp what steps to take as well as what we needed to do in the next meeting, which was to figure out a more accurate strategy and approach. At this point we still didnt know how to play the game properly. Some group members still not giving suggestions on the decisions. Some members still not contributing. Week 3-Second Meeting on Gaming Simulation (17 October 2016) 1.Make sure we all knew how to fill in the decision document. 2. Conclude on what car we wanted. 2.Fill in decision document. 3.Submit the decision   document. a)George Iashvili -Didnt Attend, sick on day of meeting. b) Claudia Borges-Didnt Attend, informed group could attend due to having lesson c)Carlos Chalhoub-12:30 d)Cagri Ozecoglu-12:30 e) Ilya Ignatov-did not attend, could not attend due to having lesson too. -Claudia filled in some of the document and sent an email to the rest of the group. The members who attended all worked through the rest of the decision document together. -The group had little to no strategy in mind as we did not know the specifics on how to play the game properly yet. The group tried using common sense and logic as we hadnt known that the information was available on the mega learning website. Feeling disappointed with the result that we got for last week.However,we tried our best for the next decision to be better. Some group members go demotivated. Week 4(20/10/2016) 1.To look over everything and looked at the results of the last simulation game and analyse it. 2.We had the game reset this week 3.Try to make changes to the game in order to get better results. 4.To ensure the use of the information available on the mega learning website and blackboard on the consumer sensitivity and market growth, in order to configure a clear strategy. a)George Iashvili -13:00 b)Claudia Borges-13:00 c)Carlos Chalhoub-13:00 d)Cagri Ozecoglu-13:00 e) Ilya Ignatov-did not attend,but informed the group ahead of non-attendance. -We all looked through the decision document and made decisions on each section together as a group after thoroughly discussing everything. Also, we made sure we used the information available to us on consumer sensitivity, market growth and each decisions effect on budget. -We had a much better idea on how the game simulation works this week and used all the information given to us which made our decisions improve greatly. Also, almost the whole group was at the meeting which was very beneficial for the decision analysis and strategy direction that the group wanted to take. There was a clash in personalities which was affecting some decisions.There was a lot of miscommunication between the group. Week 5(27/10/2016) 1. We planned to keep to our strategy that we used in week 4 as it seemed to work. a)George Iashvili -11am b)Claudia Borges- did not attend c)Carlos Chalhoub-11am d)Cagri Ozecoglu-11am e) Ilya Ignatov-11am -All who attended analysed the decisions together as a group and made more aggressive decisions on many of the consumer behaviour sensitivity and prices of the sectors, which changed our strategy direction. -We couldnt keep to our strategy that we had in the previous week and the decisions made were too aggressive which gave us a low rank on the mega learning simulation. Some results and decisions that we made the week before worked and gave the game a good result so we kept them the same. Week 6 (3/11/2016) 1.Region 2 started this week So, we had to make sure to look at each section of the simulation game and try to increase our capacity of how many cars we can sell on region 1 and get much capacity for region 2.-Try to look at Eco-friendly cars and lower product appeal from the previous week because it was too high. 3.Look at marketing appeal for image cars higher and try focus on low cost and eco-friendly cars because the market growth is increasing in both these two sectors. a)George Iashvili -12:30am b)Claudia Borges-12:30am c)Carlos Chalhoub-12:30am d)Cagri Ozecoglu-12:30am e) Ilya Ignatov-12:30am -Claudia looked at filling how many models in range for each category, how many new parts needed and looking at price for the cars. -the rest of the group tried to focus on the action points so making sure that look at product appeal and which areas need the most product appeal, like eco-friendly was too high the previous week so to decrease that and -Focus on trying to get the EBIT down and capacity up and at the same time to make the best decisions for the simulations game based on last weeks results. -We now had a better understanding of how the game was worked and we starting to get better rankings now. Now we had a better understanding we   could do better for region 2. Week 7(8/11/2016) 1.Try to meet more as a group, have at least two meetings a week. 2.Try make sure we discuss the previous weeks results 3.Try to focus on eco-friendly and image sectors due to this these two sectors being the ones we are doing weak at the moment. 4.Try to look get product appeal up and again look at capacity for eco-friendly and image sector. Also, look at image cars due to sales revenue being so low in that sector and see what is happening and what is affecting for cars not to be selling. 5.Decrease low cost unit cost and family unit cost too. -Focus on region 1 as region 2 sales are good, however the sales for region 1 have gone down from last week. a)George Iashvili -14pm b)Claudia Borges-14pm c)Carlos Chalhoub-14pm d)Cagri Ozecoglu-14pm e) Ilya Ignatov-14pm As a group, we tried to resolve our action points such as meeting more often, so timetables were sent of each of the members timetable so we could see which day would be the best to meet. Secondly, we looked at resolving our problem with image cars and why we were not selling as much cars as we could and found out this was due to capacity was low and tried to increase this for the next weeks decision. Thirdly, try to decrease the unit cost for low cost due to being too high and also for family the unit cost was too high as well so we decreased this too. Look over previous weeks results and compare to current week to see what is happening and what is going wrong in the eco-friendly and image sectors and why our capacity is not increasing. Achieved a good ranking for region 1, however region 2 ranking went down. Week 8(17/11/2016) 1.Focus on family cars sector because our sales have gone down a lot from previous weeks 2.Focus on image sector too because our capacity for region 1 is still low and for region 2 is too low and we need to try and increase this. 3.Discuss our results from previous week and what decisions need to be changed based on teachers feedback and our online results. a)George Iashvili -14pm b)Claudia Borges-14pm c)Carlos Chalhoub-14pm d)Cagri Ozecoglu-14pm e) Ilya Ignatov-14pm -As a group we focused on looking at the capacity for the eco-friendly and image cars because it was really low and also tried to increase low cost cars capacity due to selling a lot of low cost cars each week, however not using all capacity. -Making sure that we kept some decisions the same such as low cost and family car unit prices. Week 9(24/11/2016) 1.Looking at previous weeks decisions as it was good result and there was a lot of increase for capacity for all regions 1 and 2 and sales revenue increased. So look at what decisions were made that got as to have such a good result. a)George Iashvili -14pm b)Claudia Borges-14pm c)Carlos Chalhoub-14pm d)Cagri Ozecoglu-14pm e) Ilya Ignatov-14pm -As a team we made sure we went through each region 1 and 2 and made sure we looked at the engineering, how much we were investing in capacity and also HR and also looking at unit prices for each sector such as low cost and family prices. These two sector prices were too high and causing us to lose customers. Capacity was also a problem for our region 2 because we had less capacity for low cost cars and family and we tried our best to increase this and tried to keep our costs down. However, at the same time trying to fix our problem with eco-friendly and image cars due to the fact that no cars were being sold in that sector. -Making sure that we make investments into region 2 -Try to look at unit prices whether too high or low. Week 10(1/12/2016) 1.Make investments in region 2 2. Look at facilities for each car section and for each region 1 and 2 3.Look at prices for each section 4.Again try to increase capacity in each section. a)George Iashvili -Could not attend b)Claudia Borges-Could not attend c)Carlos Chalhoub-1pm d)Cagri Ozecoglu-Could not attend e) Ilya Ignatov- Could not attend -Carlos looked at each section and saw what we could do to firstly increase the capacity. The sectors we tried to increase our capacity were low costs cars and family cars in region 1 and 2, and eco-friendly cars and image cars in region 2 due to the fact that the capacity was 0. Then Carlos sent a copy of the file by e-mail to everyone in the group to have a look at before we submitted. -We also made some investments in HR and capacity for region 2 -Increase Capacity -Look at eco-friendly and image cars sectors for regions two Week 11(8/12/2016) 1.Look at region 2 image cars and eco-friendly and see why no sales being made. 2.Again increase capacity for region 1 low cost and family cars and try to use all capacity available. a)George Iashvili -1pm b)Claudia Borges-1pm c)Carlos Chalhoub-1pm d)Cagri Ozecoglu-1pm e) Ilya Ignatov-1pm -As a group we discussed why we were having the problem in region 2 in the eco-friendly and image car sector. Due to the fact that for the last few weeks of decisions we have put invested in the HR department and also made others investments but despite this these two sectors did not make any sales. -We made a decision to sell off eco-friendly and image cars in region 2 and use the money to invest in region -Decision to sell off region 2 eco-friendly

Jimi Hendrix Essay -- History

Jimi Hendrix A legend was born on November 27, 1942 in Seattle with the conception of James Allen Hendrix. He was a true American of Black, White and Cherokee blood. As a child, James who later changed his name to Jimi, was very shy and was introverted to friends and family. He grew up in different homes that ranged from city life to living on the Cherokee reservation with his grandmother. With all of the difficulties that he struggled with in his early life he found refuge in music. His father bought him a guitar at the age of 13 and his love for music had begun. He grew up he listening to the music of the 40's and 50's and became well aquatinted with the sounds of other eras preserved in his father's record collection. There was a great influence of blues as well of R&B music that influenced his style and play. He spent what free time he had on the guitar and dropped out of school in 1959 so he would be able to further pursue his dreams. After he dropped out he enlisted in the army and! spent t his time trying to figure out who he really was. He followed his dreams and after his discharge from the army he became a musician. For the next ten years Hendrix played with a countless number of bands on the way to his notoriety. His greatest success occurred when he formed the Jimi Hendrix Experience in 66'. With this he exposed to America who he was and what he stood for. During his reign he confidently rose to success with powerful and inspiring music. He was, "a prolific and profligate creator who left almost everyone who heard or saw him with the distinct impression that the heartcenter of his work remained tantalizingly out of reach."1 Jimi Hendrix remains an enigma, an innovator that remains unparalleled in what he brought... ... believed was right. He knew no other way, but maintained his integrity. "A musician, if he's a messenger, is like a child who hasn't been handled too many times by man, hasn't had too many fingerprints across his brain. That's why music is so much heavier than anything you've ever felt."7 As stated by Hendrix in 69'. In life, Hendrix wanted the same thing as everyone else. He wanted to enjoy life and his occupation and he wanted to do something which added something positive to the world. He wanted to live life to the fullest and at the same time he wanted to have peace, an open mind, the freedom to be creative and the ability to make the world a better place for the next generations. Jimi Hendrix exemplified the Jesuit philosophy of being a man for others through his religious freedom, his opinionated political views and his positive influence on the community.

Smoking And Health Outcomes Health And Social Care Essay

This essay will try to analyze assorted articles in order to try replying four chief inquiries go arounding around smoking and wellness results. Specific mentions will be made to Anu Katainen s article: Social category differences in the histories of smoking â€Å" endeavoring for differentiation? The four chief inquiries revolve around how different groups account for their smoke and how societal factors, category factors and personal positions influence facets of smoke and wellness results.Question 1: How different groups account for their smokePrevious surveies have suggested that smoke is a pick and that the research participants in these surveies emphasise the positive points of smoke and restrain every bit far as possible from speaking about their dependence and the negative points of smoke ( Katainen 2010:1091 ) . In this treatment we will specifically mention to Katainen s research survey. The focal point of Katainen survey was on the cultural and societal facets of smoke ( Katainen 2010:1090 ) . Her survey consisted out of interviews conducted with two groups viz. manual and non-manual workers, aged between 24 and 58, the workers came from diverse work environments ( Katainen 2010:1090 ) . The interviews covered two chief subjects existent smoke behavior and the significances which attributed to smoking ( Katainen 2010:1090 ) . First we will discourse the consequences of the non-manual workers. The first determination in Katainen s ( 2010:1091 ) survey provinces that non-manual workers link smoking with E?pleasurable minutes. Non-manual workers do non merely see smoking portion of mundane life but besides see it as a memorabilia to singular minutes in life ( Katainen 2010:1091 ) . The one respondent expressed the followers: It s like a small bead of A ¦like the concluding touch at some fantastic minutes ( Katainen 2010:1091 ) . The following determination was singular, the respondents considered their smoke as an single wont and emphasised their ain individualism ( Katainen 2010:1091 ) . They province that their smoke cues were non dependant on others ( Katainen 2010:1092 ) . This was interesting due to the fact that it is by and large accepted that smoke is a societal dependence. The respondents refrained from lending to any generalizations or stereotypes ( Katainen 2010:1092 ) . This determination was besides applicable to white-collar respondents, who found it hard to depict or categorize themselves ( Katainen 2010:1092 ) . Another noteworthy find was that no category differentiations were made associating to smoking but differentiations were instead made associating to smoking wonts ( Katainen 2010:1092 ) . An illustration made, was that for certain participants smoking in the smoke room, at the work topographic point, was considered uncomfortable, and these participants would see their smoke as different from the other tobacco users being their smoke was a voluntary act and the other tobacco users smoking was more a modus operandi or an dependence ( Katainen 2010:1093 ) . Adding on to the above mentioned were besides the white-collar respondents who made a clear division between functional smoke and everyday smoke ( Katainen 2010:1093 ) . Smoke was considered more acceptable if it had a map ( e.g. relaxation after a nerve-racking state of affairs ) and less acceptable when it was done routinely ( e.g. smoking whilst walking indicates dependence ) ( Katainen 2010:1093 ) . Although it may look that the respondents all considered smoke in a positive manner there was an exclusion with two respondents, who had a negative attitude towards their ain smoke ( Katainen 2010:1093 ) . In general middle-class respondents viewed their ain smoke as witting Acts of the Apostless and reacted with disgust towards anybody who could non command their E?appetites ( Katainen 2010:1093-1094 ) . Next we will discourse the consequences of the manual workers. In researching the manual workers histories for smoke, consequences proved to be most surprising. Positive concluding such as rebellion, independency and wont which is associated with smoke was expected to correlate with the motive of manual workers but these premises were proven incorrect to some grade ( Katainen 2010:1094 ) . The first positive motive mentioned for smoke was in the instance of work context, for these respondents smoking provided a legitimate ground for interruption every bit good as protracting interruptions ( Katainen 2010:1093-1094-1095 ) . Harmonizing to the respondents the most important ground for their smoke was relaxation, for emphasis and anxiousness increased their smoke wont ( Katainen 2010:1095 ) . For illustration the one respondent, Antti ( R49 ) , said that smoke helps quiet you in minutes when something truly pisses you off ( Katainen 2010:1095 ) . Another positive facet of smoke was the sociableness of smoke ; it made it easier to acquire acquainted with other workers ( Katainen 2010:1095 ) . Smoke was at its most gratifying when uniting coffin nails with java ( Katainen 2010:1095 ) . Although there are a batch of similarities between the positive facets of smoke for both manual and non-manual workers the bulk of results remain different ( Katainen 2010:1095 ) . When discoursing the facets of smoking with manual workers they were more inclined to portray the negative facets of smoke and found it hard to portray positive facets of smoke ( Katainen 2010:1095 ) . This can be clearly seen through the interviews conducted with two of the respondents ( Katainen 2010:1096 ) : Int: Why do you smoke? R50: That s a good inquiry [ laughs ] ! I don t know. It s merely a bad wont. I don t hold anything wise to state about it. Int: Don t you think there s anything positive in smoke? R50: Well I haven t found anything positive yet. I can t believe what could be positive about it. ( 39-year-old male, building worker ) Int: Why do you smoke? R54: Because I m dependent on nicotine. It s every bit simple as that. It s a wont. ( 27-year- old female, building worker ) Non-manual workers accounted for their smoke through justifications and manual workers accounted for their smoke through alibis ( Katainen 2010:1096 ) . For white-collar workers smoking was a witting act/decision ; blue-collar workers on the other manus described it as compulsive, rooted in day-to-day modus operandis and merely happened ( Katainen 2010:1096-1097 ) . Thus the important point that differentiates manual workers from non-manual workers is the manner in which they account for their smoke ( Katainen 2010:1097 ) . There are multiple grounds why these histories differ the five chief facets are the undermentioned. First the different working environments of the two groups have a major impact, for smoke is more common in manual work environments ( Katainen 2010:1097 ) . Second the sum of coffin nails smoked on a day-to-day footing differs greatly among the two groups and thirdly the deficiency of justifications among manual workers every bit good as the accent on negative facets has another great influence ( Katainen 2010:1097 ) . The following major impact was the interviewees because they were female and the male respondents most probably would reply their inquiries in a manner that would do them sound good and hence go forth a good feeling ( Katainen 2010:1098 ) .Then in conclusion the inactive positions among the manual workers have a great influence over their thought procedures ( Katainen 2010:1098 ) . [ Word count: 1002 ]Question 2: Identify societal factors runing in the logical thinking behind smokeIn general it has been proposed that the ground behind the societal differences account for smoke is that educated people are more concerned about wellness related issues and therefore are more goaded to give up smoke ( Katainen 2010:1088 ) . Contradictory to the above mentioned, the latest surveies on category and wellness reveal that all societal groups consider wellness every bit of import but the ways in which these groups execute this importance differs ( Katainen 2010:1088 ) . The upper categories consider wellness as a norm that should be achieved which is reflected in day-to-day patterns, where lower categories consider wellness as enabling day-to-day modus operandis. In her article Katainen ( 2010:1088 ) references that it is of import to detect that surveies on wellness behavior may overrate the significance of witting wellness considerations in mundane life. Terminology used in wellness research may differ from nomenclature used in mundane life for illustration ; habitus termed as E?health behavior, in wellness research, is in mundane life more likely to be governed by modus operandis, cultural forms and societal patterns, than made by a witting attempt to better one s wellness as suggested by wellness research ( Katainen 2010:1088 ) . Habitus is E?the manner society becomes deposited in individuals in the signifier of permanent temperaments ( Wacquant 2005: 316 ) . For Katainen ( 2010:1089 ) Bourdieu s construct of habitus A ¦for the different societal groups, it serves as a common frame of reading through which action becomes apprehensible, based on shared life conditions and life events ( Katainen 2010:1089 ) . In contrast to this habitus has besides been critiqued for being excessively deterministic, people are more cognizant of the regulations and determiners of societal life, more than Bourdieu seemed to presume ( Katainen 2010:1089 ) . Another point Katainen makes is when mentioning to the societal significance of patterns and its ability to bespeak societal distance, which is derived from the place it has in the system of objects and patterns and is non derived from the built-in belongings of the pattern ( Katainen 2010:1089 ) , therefore it is of import obtaining objects and holding complete cognition on their use but besides the manner of gestating them in relation to others ( Katainen 2010:1089 ) . This returns to health-related affairs being personal thoughts of one s behavior every bit good as people actively negociating their topographic point in the universe and constructing and keeping their societal individualities as Katainen ( 2010:1089 ) acknowledged. Through her interviews Katainen besides observed that for some participants smoke was a socialising tool assisting them to do friends and acquire to cognize people ( Katainen 2010:1095 ) . To back up the above mentioned Katainen ( 2010:1097 ) besides states that a societal environment in which smoke is really common and, in a sense, axiomatic, may easy ease its continuation without break, and accordingly does non make the demand to warrant the wont. One can reason that smoke has a broad scope of societal factors that contributes to persons taking up smoke every bit good as halting it. These factors range from personal issues to societal surroundings for illustration ; smoke can come from personal wonts, civilization, and instruction to socialization tools. [ Word count: 502 ]Question 3: Address the function of category in wellness resultIn this inquiry we will discourse three articles of three separate writers viz. Katainen, Henry and Stacey. We will get down with Katainen. In her research Katainen ( 2010:1087 ) provinces that it is by and large accepted that in-between and upper categories tend to populate long healthy lives whereas lower categories tend to populate short lives filled with unwellness. Although certain research workers consider category and societal classs as disentangled from the modern twenty-four hours issues, smoking provides the cogent evidence of the uninterrupted importance of category ( Katainen 2010:1087 ) . In Western states smoking seems to be a tendency under the lower socioeconomic groups bespeaking to inequalities in wellness ( Katainen 2010:1087-1088 ) . Harmonizing to the habitus construct, people s behavior and determinations are affected by their life conditions ( Katainen 2010:1089 ) . Where people live will bespeak what they can afford, their penchants and what is appropriate for their category ( Katainen 2010:1089 ) . For illustration a truck driver eating heavy, fatty repasts and a immature white-collar adult female preferring a light salad: the rightness of certain wonts is related to the single s societal place ( Katainen 2010:1089 ) Smoking inclinations do non merely alteration because of wellness but besides by the image one wants to portray to society ( Katainen 2010:1089 ) . Next we will look at Paul Henry s article ( 2001 ) : An Examination of the Pathways Through Which Social Class Impacts Health Outcomes. In his article Henry ( 2001:07 ) discusses the different motives for the continuation of smoke ( Henry 2001:07 ) . The most important influence among the lower categories was that of equal force per unit area ( Henry 2001:07 ) . Amongst the higher upper categories wellness was considered an inherently of import norm ( Henry 2001:07 ) . Upper classes tend to see good wellness as something you must accomplish, a end to work towards whereas lower category viewed good wellness as a means-to-an-end ( Henry 2001:07 ) . For lower categories wellness was valued in the sense that it allowed them to work and hold fiscal stableness ( Henry 2001:07 ) . This could be best described through the comparing of an upper category single exercise and eating healthy ( good wellness demands to be gained and maintained ) whereas the lower category person would see good wellness as merely doing it through the twenty-four hours peacefully without unneeded strains ( Henry 2001:07 ) . The last article we will be discoursing is that of Stacey, M. ( 1998 ) : The Plurality of Mending Systems in Tudor and Stuart England. In her survey Stacey researched category systems in the late 1970 s. In this epoch there was a clear category and gender division which had a major impact on wellness results. Peoples populating in the towns had a greater assortment of wellness attention than people populating in the countryside who were dependent on common people therapists ( Stacey 1998:39 ) . Well off people, who could pay, had a broad assortment of knowing physicians ( elect doctors ) although fees sometimes differ ( Stacey 1998:39 ) . The hapless were left to depend on cunning common people and assorted therapists go forthing them to a hapless diagnostic and intervention ( Stacey 1998:39 ) . Back in this epoch it is of import to besides observe gender division. Womans were left to run the families and hence had a greater duty of wellness care and Restoration for the whole household for the greatest sum of mending took topographic point at place ( Stacey 1998:39 ) . Here gender and category overlapped for lower category housewives all had similar accomplishments and cognition and therefore were dependent on upper category neighbors, for upper category homemakers had more cognition and accomplishments and hence ministered their poorer neighbors every bit good as their ain families ( Stacey 1998:39 ) .One can reason that over the old ages category has and will stay an of import factor in wellness results. ( Word count: 597 )Question 4: What societal factors influence and determine your determinations about wellness picksThere is a assortment of societal factors which influence my positions and determinations go arounding around wellness issues more specifically smoking. The first most of import fact I must edify you with, in order for you to understand my motives, is that I am a non-smoker. The first influence would be through societal establishments viz. household and faiths. Family and faith are the two chief facets which shapes an person into who they are. I was brought up in a conservative yet unfastened minded Christian family. My parents taught me it was incorrect to smoke and demo disrespect towards others, my faith Tells me, through the Ten Commandments, to esteem and obey my parents. These two societal establishments act as a signifier of societal control. My parents were fondly and my faith cost me no injury and therefore I had no demand to arise against them. The 2nd and most of import societal influence was my instruction. I have learned the undermentioned list of facts over the old ages. First baccy consists out of 4500 chemicals, the chief toxicants in baccy are ; a ) Cd ( auto batteries ) , B ) DDT ( insect powder ) , c ) H nitrile ( gas Chamberss ) , vitamin D ) methylbenzene ( industrial dissolver ) , e ) vinyl chloride ( plastics ) ( National Council Against Smoking ) . Tobacco besides consists out of 43 unknown carcinogens which are malignant neoplastic disease doing agents ( National Council Against Smoking ) . Smoking well increases the hazard of TB ( TB ) and decease ( National Council Against Smoking ) . Smoking besides causes the undermentioned diseases viz. : malignant neoplastic disease of the oral cavity, lingua, lip, nasal, salivary secretory organs, voice box and the lungs every bit good as sphacelus ; shots ; redness of the oculus and unnatural motions of the oculus ; cataracts and psoriasis ( National Council Against S moking ) . Another danger which is caused via smoke is second-hand fume. Second-hand fume consists out of 4000 chemicals where merely 250 are known and 50 % are known to do malignant neoplastic disease ( National Council Against Smoking ) . The most noteworthy chemicals are 1 ) arsenous anhydride ( a heavy metal toxin ) , 2 ) benzine ( a chemical found in gasolene ) , 3 ) Cd ( a metal used in batteries ) , 4 ) Cr ( a metallic component ) , 5 ) Ni ( a metallic component ) , 6 ) Po â€Å" 210 ( a chemical component that gives off radiation ) , 7 ) vinyl chloride ( a toxic substance used in plastics industry ) ( National Council Against Smoking ) . Second-smoke besides causes a assortment of unwellnesss under which is TB and a battalion of malignant neoplastic diseases ( National Council Against Smoking ) . The last influences are of a personal nature I am a terpsichorean ( concert dance and modern ) and as seen in the above mentioned smoking causes multiple wellness jobs. Dancing is my manner of loosen uping and maintaining fit and for that one needs a healthy organic structure. I besides suffer from asthma and smoke will merely decline my asthma and coerce me to halt the thing I love in life dance. In my household we are besides susceptible to malignant neoplastic disease and smoke doubles my opportunities of developing malignant neoplastic disease. The above mentioned can be associate to all wellness issues and non merely smoking [ Word count: 500 ]DecisionOne can clearly observe that through the eras category has remained an of import factor when act uponing wellness results. Another important determination is that all the assorted writers had the same position point affecting the lower and upper category differentiations. The lower categories viewed wellness as an mundane experience, where the upper categories viewed wellness as a end something to work towards, an purpose that needs to be achieved. Lower categories accounted for their smoke as an unmanageable desire and identified their wont most comfortably with negative facets. The upper categories viewed smoke as a witting act or determination and identified their wont most comfortably with positive facets. There were assorted similarities between the two groups but the most cardinal similarity was that both groups viewed smoke as a relaxation tool. Social factors, including societal establishments and societal control measurings, play an every bit of im port function as subscriber to get down or halt smoke every bit good as to wellness results. The last of import factor is that these surveies provided the grounds to turn out generalizations and pigeonholing incorrect till a certain grade.